Development of technical tools with improved metrological and operational characteristics is the actual problem of the eddy current testing. Ensuring the optimal distribution of the electromagnetic excitation field in the testing zone carries out confident detection of the defects and determination of their geometrical parameters by means of eddy current testing. The purpose of the work was to conduct an analysis of scientific and technical information in the field of eddy current testing to study of the use of electromagnetic excitation fields with a priori specified properties, as well as to generalize and systematize the accumulated experience and approaches to conduct theoretical research in this direction.

A review of publications in the field of non-destructive electromagnetic testing devoted to the improvement of the excitation systems of eddy current flaw probes was carried out. The authors considered approaches in which a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field on the control object surface was achieved by linear and non-linear optimal synthesis of excitation systems, provided the immobility of the probe relative to the testing object. Analysis of eddy current probe designs with a homogeneous excitation field created by circular, rectangular tangential and normal coils, as well as by creating a rotational excitation field was carried out. The authors studied designs of the excitation coils of probes with fields of complex configuration characterized by the original fractal geometry which can increase the probability of identifying defects that were not amenable to detection by classical probes.

Studies that suggested the formation of optimal configuration fields in a given area using magnetic cores, field concentrators made of conductive materials and specially shaped screens were analyzed. The authors studied approaches to the implementation of the optimal synthesis of excitation systems of probes with uniform sensitivity in the testing zone using surrogate optimization for cases of moving testing objects taking into account the speed effect.

The experience, as well as the results of theoretical studies devoted to the problem of designing eddy current probes with uniform sensitivity in the testing zone due to the uniform density distribution of the induced currents flowing in the object were generalized and systematized. As a result, the classification of probes on a number of features that characterize the excitation systems was proposed.

The development of non-lethal weapons and, in particular, temporary blinding devices is associated with problem of choosing boundaries of effectiveness. The aim of present work is determination of criteria for estimation of the effects of visual jamming devices action on the naked eye.

The present-day scoring system used for effectiveness estimation of laser temporary blinding devices is based on maximum permissible exposure and/or accessible emission level defined for each hazard class in accordance with operating standard.

In the present work we carried out analysis and modeling of the cases of application of temporary blinding laser devices. The proposed scoring system was founded on international standard IEC 60825-1-2014 as well as Manual on Laser Emitters and Flight Safety. The modeling of bright light action on observer eye was rested on CIE General Disability Glare Equation and provided quantitative description of jamming effectiveness. The main parameters used in this model and dictated by ambient light level and human eye characteristics, were veiling luminance and angle of distinguishing objects under it.

In terms of exposition level and perception effects we determined six zones – unallowed, hazard, temporary blinding, discomfort, alerting, completely safe. Proposed system combined with modeling provides with visual demonstration of perceived light source and allows to describe human physiological sensation and to establish the fact of jamming at different distances. This system was the basis of the development of temporary blinding device for revelation of safe but effective spatial boundaries of action.

As a rule, the wastewater treatment system is not designed to filter substances formed, as a result of beyond design basis accident. The nature of the beyond design basis accident is associated with the shortterm appearance of a clot of these substances in wastewater, determined by the volume of the substance storage tank. Therefore, a rational approach is to divert this portion of the formed substances into a separate branch of the sewage system or sedimentation tanks. The aim of the work is to implement this approach by creating a laser monitoring system for water pollution.

The article proposes a system for automatic detection of a clot of emergency discharge of pollutants into the wastewater of an industrial enterprise. The structural diagram of the system and the purpose of its main elements are given. The system should provide clot detection in real time. To ensure this function, a preliminary study is made of the spectral characteristics of all substances that may appear in wastewater in the event of an emergency.

Based on these data, the wavelengths of laser radiation in the system are selected. The obtained measurement data from several probes are presented in the form of a lattice function, which is translated into a relative description representing the order relationship matrix on the set of lattice function components. The relative description is invariant to linear changes in the lattice function. The decision to detect any substance from emergency discharges is made based on a comparison of the relative description of the measurements with the standards prepared at the stage of system setup.

The article provides an example of the formation of standards for emergency clots from glycerin and allyl alcohol. The graphs of the lattice functions obtained from the IR spectra of emergency discharges of these substances are given; algorithms for constructing a lattice function and comparison of lattice functions. Thus, using the developed mathematical description of the shape of digital signals based on the relative description, the signal of the monitoring curve can be described in the form of a curve of the optical density change of an aqueous medium.

A digital micromirror device (DMD) micromirrors periodic spatial structure is a measuring scale in interior orientation parameters calibration of optoelectronic devices problems, when using a DMD as a testobject. It is important that DMD micromirrors periodic spatial structure remains constant. Change in a DMD micromirrors spatial structure may occur due to heating. In addition to heating a DMD, an optoelectronic device photodetector is also subject to heating and, accordingly, change in its spatial structure. It is necessary to estimate change in a spatial structure of DMD micromirrors and an optoelectronic device photodetector.

A DMD micromirrors spatial drift and a DMD micromirrors spatial drift together with a digital camera photodetector pixels spatial drift for operation 4 h are analyzed. The drift analysis consisted in the points array position assessing formed by a DMD and projected onto a digital camera. When analyzing only a DMD micromirrors drift, a digital camera was turned on only for shooting time for exclude digital camera influence. A digital camera did not have time to significantly heat up, during this time. After a digital camera it cooled to a room temperature.

Average drift of all DMD micromirrors determines the accuracy of interior orientation parameters calibration of optoelectronic devices using a DMD in time. Maximum drift of all micromirrors after switching on is observed. Minimum DMD warm-up time is 60 min for average drift of all micromirrors less than 1 μm is necessary. Minimum DMD warm-up time is 120 min when using a DMD together with a digital camera is necessary.

A DMD expansion uniformity determines the accuracy of interior orientation parameters calibration of optoelectronic devices using a DMD, because irregular expansion disturbs micromirrors periodicity. The average change in distance of neighboring points is less than 0.1 μm for every 20 min.

Thus, a DMD can be used as a test-object in interior orientation parameters calibration of optoelectronic devices. The results can be used as compensation coefficients of change in DMD micromirrors spatial structure due to temperature effects during operation, if more accurate are necessary.

Hot cavity ion sources of different kinds are widely used in nuclear and mass spectroscopy, especially in on-line isotope separation devices attracting attention of scientists and engineers looking for high ionization efficiency, robustness and beam purity. In the paper a new type of hot ionizer cavity is proposed: namely cavity having the shape of a flat disc, which may be especially suitable for short-lived nuclides to be ionized.

A numerical model of the ion source is presented in the paper. The particle tracking code takes into account ionization at hot surfaces and enables modeling of both flat disc cavity and standard elongated cavity ionizers. The code enables calculation of total ionization efficiency and is suitable for stable and long-lived nuclides.

Influence of the flat disc cavity geometry (thickness and radius) and its temperature on total ionization efficiency was considered – it was shown that the efficiency increases with cavity radius due to the growing number of particle-wall collisions. This effect may be important in the case of the hard-to-ionize nuclides.

The optimal ionizer geometry is characterized by 90 % efficiency, even for substances with rather low ionization coefficient (of order 0.05). The role played by the size of the extraction opening is explained – it is demonstrated that the ionization efficiency increases due to the opening radius reduction. It is also proven that extraction voltage of 1–2 kV is sufficient to maintain optimal ionizer efficiency.

The paper presents a new test stand for ivestigating the rate of penetration of transformer oil through electrotechnical pressboard. The stand consists of a pipe, to the lower end of which is glued a pressboard plate. The pipe is filled with insulating oil. A mirror is placed under the plate, which directs its image to the lens of the camera, which takes a series of photographs at a given time interval. After being saturated with the insulating oil, the pressboard changes colour from light to dark yellow. The absorbing time is defined as the time in which a dark yellow spot appears on the lower light surface of the pressboard after the pipe is filled with oil.

A new way of determining capillary diameters has been developed when the number of capillaries is unknown and the volume of liquid flowing through them is not measurable. The distribution of the times of penetration of transformer oil through 2 mm thick electrotechnical pressboard was determined, the values of which range from about 220 min to about 550 min. It was found that the radii of capillaries through which the insulating oil penetrates are within the range from about 45 nm to about 70 nm. Due to the structure of the pressboard, which consists of cellulose fibres, arranged more or less tightly, there are capillaries in the structure of the board, each of which has sections of varying lengths of radii. This means that short sections of a single capillary can have radii both smaller than 45 nm and larger than 70 nm.

The developed stand and the new analysis method can be used for testing various porous materials for penetration by various liquids.

Development of technical base, software, accumulated information on the diagnosis of the respiratory system provided the prerequisites for creating remote diagnostics of the human respiratory system through auscultation. The known methods do not solve the problem of determining auscultation points at patent´s housing without a diagnostic specialist. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for remote diagnostics of the respiratory system which provides ability to determine the points of auscultation without presence of a diagnostic specialist.

The definition of auscultation points is provided using a computer program that allows to calculate the points´ coordinates based on the coordinates of points that determine the anatomical structure of the patient's torso. The patient or his assistant places the recording device at the auscultation points combining their images on the display with the image of the location of the recording device. The signal recorded at the auscultation point is remotely transmitted to a specialist for direct analysis and/or computer processing. The diagnostic module consists of two main units. The first unit contains a stethoscope, microphone, and amplifier connected to a mobile phone or other similar device containing an accelerometer. The patient or his assistant at the housing uses the unit. The second unit is a mobile phone with a mechanical marker or a computer with the ability to access the network in conjunction with the necessary software and is used remotely by a diagnostic specialist. The layout of the unit for recording and transmitting breath sounds was made. To avoid discrepancies in the diagnostic results the technical characteristics of the module elements must be normalized. Unified software is required for the module to function. The organizational tasks that need to be solved for the implementation of diagnostics are formulated.

Use of the method of remote diagnostics of the respiratory system, providing the ability to determine points of auscultation without the direct presence of a diagnostic specialist and the module will allow increasing efficiency of treatment of pulmonary diseases reduce infection risks and economic costs.

The spectral method for establishing dynamic response of measuring instruments basically requires determining the amplitude spectrum of the signal in its informative part that includes the amplitude spectrum at zero frequency. The operating frequency range of existing low-frequency spectrum analyzers is above zero frequency that leads to an uncertainty in dynamic response of measuring instruments determined by the spectral method. The purpose of this paper is to develop a program for calculating the signal amplitude spectrum, starting from zero frequency, to implement a spectral method for determining the dynamic response of measuring instruments on computers equipped with the MatLab package.

To implement the spectral method for determining the dynamic response of measuring instruments, we developed a program in the MatLab 2013b environment that determines the signal amplitude spectrum from zero Hertz. The program reads the source data from Excel tables and presents the calculated amplitude spectrum as a chart and a report table.

It is shown that the developed program calculates the signal amplitude spectrum with a standard deviation of not more than 3.4 % in the frequency range of 0 to 10 rad/s. The calculated amplitude spectrum allows determining the time constant of first-order aperiodic measuring instruments with an uncertainty of not more than 0.166 % at any noise level, if their frequencies are outside the information part of the spectrum.

We demonstrated the claimed advantage of the spectral method for determining dynamic response using the developed program by the example of a high-frequency noise in the transient response of some measuring instruments.