Method of Achieving the Least Loss of Information in an Asynchronous Binary Single-Photon Communication Channel with a Receiver Based on a Photon Counter
https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-1-70-81
Abstract
Receiving modules of single-photon communication systems should provide the smallest loss of transmitted information when measuring low-power optical signals. In this regard, it is advisable to use photon counters. They are the most highly sensitive, but characterized by data recording errors. The aim of this work was to develop a method for determining the intensity of recorded optical signal in a singlephoton communication channel with a receiving module based on a photon counter, which ensures the least probability of erroneous registration of transmitted binary symbols.
Methods of achieving the least loss of information in asynchronous photon binary communication channel with a receiver-based photon counter has been developed. A device for implementing this methods has been created. The method is based on using the statistical distribution of the mixture of the number of dark and signal pulses received at the output of the photon counter when registering binary symbols "0" Pst 0 (N ) and symbols "1" Pst 1 (N ). The essence of the method consists in determining the intensities of optical signals for transmitting binary symbols ("0" and "1") and threshold levels of the pulses N1 and N2 registered at the output of the photon counter.
The method allows to determine the lower and upper threshold levels of recorded pulses and the intensity of optical signals in the transmission of binary data. Moreover, the probability of erroneous registration of binary symbols is minimal.
About the Author
A. M. Timofeev
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics
Belarus
Belarus
Address for correspondence: A.M. Timofeev – Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, Brovki str. 6, Minsk, 220013, Belarus. e-mail: tamvks@mail.ru
References
1. Vacca J.R. Managing Information Security. – 2nd Edition. Elsevier Inc., Waltham, 2014, 372 p. DOI: 10.1016/C2011-0-08782-3
2. Dmitriev S.A., Slepov N.N. Volokonno-opticheskaya tehnika: sovremennoe sostoyanie i novyie perspektivyi [Fiber optic technology: current state and new perspectives]. Moscow, Technosphere Publ., 2010, 608 p.
3. Timofeev A.M. [The influence of the time of single photon transmission of information on the reliability of its reception in a quantum cryptographic communication channel]. Sistemnyiy analiz i prikladnaya informatika [System analysis and applied information science], 2019, no. 1, pp. 67–72 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21122/2309-4923-2019-1-67-72
4. Timofeev A.M. [Estimation of the effect of dead time of the photon counter on the information transfer rate in a single-photon communication channel]. Vestnik svyazi [Communication bulletin], 2019, no. 6, pp. 55–61 (in Russian).
5. Yiannopoulos K., Sagias N.C., Boucouvalas A.C. On the photon counting error probability and its application in optical wireless communications. Physical Communication, 2019, vol. 36, pp. 100756–100764. DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2019.100756
6. Kilin S.Ya. Kvantovaya kriptografiya: idei i praktika [Quantum cryptography: ideas and practices]. – Minsk, Belarus. Sci. Publ., 2007, 391 p.
7. Hu S., Mi L., Zhou T., Chen W. 35.88 attenuation lengths and 3.32 bits/photon underwater optical wireless communication based on photon-counting receiver with 256-PPM. Optics Express, 2019, vol. 26, no. 17, pp. 21685–21699. DOI: 10.1364/OE.26.021685
8. Bourennane M., Karlsson A., Pena J.C., Mathés M. Single-photon counters in the telecom wavelength region of 1550 nm for quantum information processing. Journal of Modern Optics, 2001, vol. 48, no. 13, pp. 1983– 1995. DOI: 10.1080/09500340110075131
9. Hong Z., Yan Q., Li Z., Zhan T., Wang Y. Photoncounting underwater optical wireless communication for reliable video transmission using joint source-channel coding based on distributed compressive sensing. Sensors, 2019, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1042–1054. DOI: 10.3390/s19051042
10. Kalachev A.A. [Components of long-distance quantum communication. Part 1]. Fotonika [Photonics], 2017, no. 1, pp. 88–98 (in Russian). DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.2017.61.1.88.98
11. Kalachev A.A. [Components of long-distance quantum communication. Part 1]. Fotonika [Photonics], 2017, no. 2, pp. 80–88 (in Russian). DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.2017.62.2.80.88
12. Zadeha I.E., Los J.W.N., Gourgues R.B.M., Steinmetz V., Bulgarini G., Dobrovolskiy S.M., Zwillerb V., Dorenbos S.N. Single-photon detectors combining high efficiency, high detection rates, and ultra-high timing resolution. APL Photonics, 2017, vol. 2, iss. 11, pp. 111301-1–111301-7. DOI: 10.1063/1.5000001
13. Zhang J., Itzler M.A., Zbinden H., Pan J.-W. Advances in InGaAs/InP single-photon detector systems for quantum communication. Light: Science & Applications, 2015, vol. 4, iss. 15, pp. 1–13. DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2015.59
14. Gulakov I.R., Zenevich A.O. Fotopriemniki kvantovyih sistem: monografiya [Photodetectors of quantum systems: monograph]. Minsk, EI HSCC, 2012, 276 p.
15. Cova S.D., Ghioni M. Single-photon counting detectors. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2011, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 274–277. DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2011.2130518
16. Privitera S., Tudisco S., Lanzano L., Musumeci F., Pluchino A., Scordino A., Campisi A., Cosentino L., Finocchiaro P., Condorelli G., Mazzillo M., Lombardo S., Sciacca E. Single photon avalanche diodes: towards the large bidimensional arrays. Sensors, 2008, vol. 8, iss. 8, pp. 4636–4655. DOI: 10.3390/s8084636
17. Campajola M., Capua F.D., Fiore D., Sarnelli E., Aloisio A. Proton induced dark count rate degradation in 150-nm CMOS single-photon avalanche diodes. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2019, vol. 947, pp. 162722–162728. DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.162722
18. Stipčević M., Skenderović H., Gracin D. Characterization of a novel avalanche photodiode for single photon detection in VIS-NIR range. Optics Express, 2010, vol. 18, iss. 16, pp. 17448–17459. DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.017448
19. Timofeev A.M. [The reliability of the received information if it is registered in the single photon communication channel using the photon counter]. Informatika [Informatics], 2019, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 90–95 (in Russian).
20. Nuriyev S., Ahmadov F., Sadygov Z., Akberov R., Ahmadov G., Abbasov I. Performance of a new generation of micropixel avalanche photodiodes with high pixel density and high photon detection efficiency. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2018, vol. 912, pp. 320–322. DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.12.006
21. Stucki D., Ribordy G., Stefanov A., Zbinden H., Rarity J.G., Wall T. Photon counting for quantum key distribution with Peltier cooled InGaAs/InP APDs. Journal of Modern Optics, 2001, vol. 48, no. 13, pp. 1967– 1981. DOI: 10.1080/09500340108240900
22. Castelletto S.A., Degiovanni I.P., Schettini V., Migdall A.L. Reduced deadtime and higher rate photoncounting detection using a multiplexed detector array. Journal of Modern Optics, 2007, vol. 54, iss. 2–3, pp. 337–352. DOI: 10.1080/09500340600779579
23. Bikkenin R.R., Chesnokov M.N. Teoriya elektricheskoy svyazi [The theory of electrical communication]. Moscow, Publ. Cent "Academy", 2010, 336 p.
24. Timofeev A.M. [Estimation of the photons counter lasting dead time influece on the probability of erroneous data registration of quantum-cryptographic communication channels]. Vestnik svyazi [Communication bulletin], 2018, no. 1, pp. 56–62 (in Russian).
25. Gulakov I.R., Kholondyrev S.V. Metod scheta fotonov v optiko-fizicheskih izmereniyah [Photon counting method in the optical and physical measurements]. Minsk, University Publ., 1989, 256 p.
Review
For citations:
Timofeev A.M. Method of Achieving the Least Loss of Information in an Asynchronous Binary Single-Photon Communication Channel with a Receiver Based on a Photon Counter. Devices and Methods of Measurements. 2020;11(1):70-81. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-1-70-81
Views:
984
Email this article 