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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2025-16-3-245-253</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-978</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методы измерений, контроля, диагностики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methods of measurements, monitoring, diagnostics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Минимизация влияния закона распределения величины на достоверность оценивания точности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Minimising the Influence of the Distribution Law on the Reliability of Accuracy Estimation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серенков</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serenkov</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки:Серенков П.С. - Белорусский национальный технический университет, пр-т Независимости, 65, г. Минск 220013, Беларусьe-mail: pavelserenkov@bntu.by</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence:Serenkov P.S. - Belarusian National Technical University,Nezavisimosty Ave., 65,Minsk 220013, Belarus e-mail: pavelserenkov@bntu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavelserenkov@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романчак</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanchak</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Независимости, 65, г. Минск 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nezavisimosti Ave., 65, Minsk 220013</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селятыцкий</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliatytski</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Независимости, 65, г. Минск 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nezavisimosti Ave., 65,Minsk 220013</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лужинская</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzhinskaya</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Независимости, 65, г. Минск 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nezavisimosti Ave., 65, Minsk 220013</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>245</fpage><lpage>253</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Серенков П.С., Романчак В.М., Селятыцкий А.А., Лужинская А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Серенков П.С., Романчак В.М., Селятыцкий А.А., Лужинская А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Serenkov P.S., Romanchak V.M., Seliatytski А.А., Luzhinskaya A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/978">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/978</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена задача минимизации влияния законов распределения входных величин на достоверность результатов в моделях оценивания в области метрологии. Целью данной работы являлось обоснование рациональных подходов и методов корректного решения задачи в случае, если закон распределения входных величин отличен от нормального. Представлена классификация вариантов решений проблемы нормальности входных величин в моделях оценивания неопределённости метода измерений, метрологической надёжности средства измерений и др. Сформулирована комплексная задача оценивания закона распределения входной величины и приведения его к нормальному путём корректирования её вероятностных характеристик. Обосновано, что подобное решение задачи позволит обеспечить «частотную эквивалентность» эмпирического и нормального закона распределения. Рассмотрены способы решения задачи для двух возможных случаев: входные величины модели оцениваются априори и эмпирически. Рассмотрены общепринятые в метрологической практике варианты рационального решения задачи для случая оценивания входной величины модели априори (по типу Б). Основное внимание уделено случаю оценивания входной величины модели эмпирически (по типу А). В качестве теоретических предпосылок решения задачи приняты неравенства Чебышева и Высочанского– Петунина, которые определяют оценки сверху вероятности отклонения случайной величины от среднего без учёта точной формы её закона распределения. Предложен графический метод оценки «степени нормальности» эмпирического закона распределения входной величины и приведения его к нормальному путём корректирования её статистик. Реализация метода предполагает использование статистических пакетов прикладных программ, например, пакета Statistica, и визуальное сравнение гистограммы эмпирического распределения с теоретической кривой нормального распределения. Для всех возможных ситуаций определён алгоритм действий, включающий анализ степени несоответствия распределений и решающие правила в отношении корректирования исходных статистик входной величины.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of minimising the influence of distribution laws of input values on the reliability of results in evaluation models in the field of metrology is considered. Aim of this work was to substantiate rational approaches and methods of correct solution of the problem in the case when the distribution law of input values differs from normal. Classification of variants of solutions to the problem of normality of input values in models of estimation of uncertainty of measurement method, metrological reliability of measuring instrument, etc. is presented. The complex problem of estimating the law of input quantity distribution and bringing it to normal by correcting its probabilistic characteristics is formulated. It is substantiated that such a solution of the problem will provide ‘frequency equivalence’ of empirical and normal distribution laws. Methods of solving the problem for two possible cases are considered: the input values of the model are estimated a priori and empirically. The variants of the rational solution of the problem for the case of a priori estimation of the input value of the model (type B), generally accepted in metrological practice, are considered. The main attention is paid to the case of estimating the input value of the model empirically (by type A). Chebyshev's and Vysochansky-Petunin's inequalities are taken as theoretical prerequisites for solving the problem which determine the estimates from above of the probability of deviation of a random variable from the mean without taking into account the exact form of its distribution law. A graphical method of estimating the ‘degree of normality’ of the empirical law of distribution of an input quantity and bringing it to normal by correcting its statistics is proposed. Implementation of the method assumes use of statistical packages of applied programs, for example, Statistica package, and visual comparison of the histogram of empirical distribution with the theoretical curve of normal distribution. For all possible situations an algorithm of actions is defined including analyses of the degree of mismatch between distributions and decisive rules for correcting the initial statistics of the input quantity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модели оценивания</kwd><kwd>входные величины</kwd><kwd>эмпирический закон распределения входной величины</kwd><kwd>приведение к нормальному закону распределения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>estimation models</kwd><kwd>input quantities</kwd><kwd>empirical distribution law</kwd><kwd>normalization to Gaussian distribution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta S. C., Kapoor V. K. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. 12th ed. Sultan Chand &amp; Sons, 2020;928 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta S. C., Kapoor V. K. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. 12th ed. 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