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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2025-16-2-121-132</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-958</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методы измерений, контроля, диагностики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methods of measurements, monitoring, diagnostics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод начального определения орбиты космического объекта по ограниченным данным угловых оптических измерений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Initial Orbit Determination of a Space Object from Limited Angular Optical Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки:Баранова В.С. –Белорусский государственный университет,пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030, Беларусь e-mail: vbaranova@bsu.by</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence:Baranova V.S. –Belarusian State University,Nezavisimosty Ave., 4, Minsk 220030, Belarus e-mail: vbaranova@bsu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbaranova@bsu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спиридонов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spiridonov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nezavisimosty Ave., 4, Minsk 220030</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушаков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nezavisimosty Ave., 4, Minsk 220030</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саечников</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saetchnikov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nezavisimosty Ave., 4, Minsk 220030</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранова В.С., Спиридонов А.А., Ушаков Д.В., Саечников В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранова В.С., Спиридонов А.А., Ушаков Д.В., Саечников В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranova V.S., Spiridonov A.A., Ushakov D.V., Saetchnikov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/958">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/958</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время представляют прикладную ценность задачи начального определения орбиты космических объектов по измерениям угловых координат (прямого восхождения и склонения) в условиях ограниченного количества данных. Целью работы являлась разработка безитерацинной оценки вектора наклонной дальности неизвестного космического объекта относительно пункта наблюдения в условиях ограниченного количества данных угловых оптических измерений для определения орбитальных параметров (большая полуось, наклонение, эксцентриситет, долгота восходящего узла и аргумент широты) в режиме близком к реальному времени. Это является актуальным при решении задач оперативного определенияи орбит неизвестных космических объектов для предотвращения аварийных сближений и возможных столкновений, особенно в условиях роста числа запускаемых спутников и увеличения плотности космического мусора на низких околоземных орбитах. Представлен метод начального определения орбиты (в отсутствии данных об орбитальных параметрах) неизвестного космического объекта по угловым оптическим измерениям на короткой дуге наблюдений (&lt; 0,5°) в двух областях обнаружения. Предложенный метод даёт возможность оценить вектор наклонной дальности неизвестного космического объекта относительно пункта наблюдения на основе данных угловых измерений и расчётных значений проекции величины скорости на плоскость кадра опорного спутника (с известными орбитальными параметрами). Для оценки величины проекции линейной скорости на плоскость кадра используется метод обнаружения космических объектов в видеоданных оптической системы наблюдения. В результате экспериментальных оптических наблюдений для обнаруженной ступени ракетоносителя SL-12/RB, проведены угловые измерения и рассчитаны орбитальные параметры. Абсолютные ошибки в определении параметра большой полуоси ступени ракетоносителя SL-12/RB, не превысили 19,71 км. Абсолютная ошибка параметра наклонения орбиты i ступени ракетоносителя SL-12/RB составила 0,033°, долготы восходящего узла Ω – 0,083° и аргумента широты u – 0,046°.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, the problem of initial orbit determination for space objects based on angular coordinate measurements (right ascension and declination) under limited data conditions is of significant practical value. The aim of this work was to develop a non-iterative estimation method for the slant range vector of an unknown space object relative to an observation site under conditions of limited angular optical measurement data, enabling near-real-time determination of orbital parameters (semi-major axis, inclination, eccentricity, longitude of the ascending node, and argument of latitude). This is particularly relevant for operational orbit determination of unknown space objects to prevent hazardous close approaches and potential collisions, especially given the increasing number of satellite launches and the growing density of space debris in low Earth orbit. A method for initial orbit determination (in the absence of prior orbital data) of an unknown space object is presented, based on angular optical measurements over a short observation arc (&lt; 0.5°) in two detection regions. The proposed method allows for the estimation of the slant range vector of an unknown space object relative to the observation site using angular measurement data and computed values of the velocity projection onto the frame plane of a reference satellite (with known orbital parameters). To estimate the velocity projection onto the frame plane, a method for detecting space objects in optical surveillance system video data is employed. Experimental optical observations of the detected SL-12/RB rocket stage were performed, including angular measurements and orbital parameter calculations. The absolute errors in determining the semi-major axis of the SL-12/RB rocket stage did not exceed 19.71 km. The absolute errors in orbital inclination i, longitude of the ascending node Ω, and argument of latitude u were 0.033°, 0.083°, and 0.046°, respectively.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>космический объект</kwd><kwd>оптические измерения</kwd><kwd>орбитальные параметры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>space object</kwd><kwd>optical measurements</kwd><kwd>orbital parameters</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lei X. [et al.]. Identification of uncatalogued LEO space objects by a ground-based EO array. 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