pimiПриборы и методы измеренийDevices and Methods of Measurements2220-95062414-0473BNTU10.21122/2220-9506-2024-15-3-161-173pimi-885Research ArticleСредства измеренийMeasuring instrumentsОбзор автомобильных КВ антенн с функцией NVIS-связиReview on HF Band Vehicular Antenna with NVIS CommunicationМишраАмит К.MishraAmit K.

Тримбак-роуд, Насик, 422213, Индия

Trimbak Road, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422213, India

ПатилДипак П.PatilDipak P.

Адрес для переписки: Дипак П.  Патил – Институт инженерии и менеджмента имени Сандипа, Тримбак-роуд, Насик, 422213, Индия e-mail: dipakpatil25@gmail.com

Address for correspondence: Dipak P. Patil– Sandip Institute of Engineering and Management, Trimbak Road, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422213, India e-mail: dipakpatil25@gmail.com

dipakpatil25@gmail.comИнститут технологий и исследовательский центр имени Сандипа; Институт инженерии и менеджмента имени СандипаИндияSandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre; Sandip Institute of Engineering and ManagementIndiaИнститут инженерии и менеджмента имени СандипаИндияSandip Institute of Engineering and ManagementIndia202406112024153161173Copyright © Мишра А.К., Патил Д.П., 20242024Мишра А.К., Патил Д.П.Mishra A.K., Patil D.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/885

Антенны играют основополагающую роль в современных системах связи, обеспечивая передачу и приём сигналов в различных частотных диапазонах. Каждая антенна разрабатывается для решения конкретных задач в зависимости от её рабочего диапазона частот. Независимо от того, используются ли они для связи между автомобилями или управления боевыми действиями, антенны выполняют критически важные функции, при этом первостепенное значение для военных применений приобретают соображения информационной безопасности. Автомобильные антенны обычно работают в диапазоне L, приблизительно от 1 до 2 ГГц, передавая сигнал через спутники. Однако традиционная передача сигнала через ионосферу связана с рядом ограничений, в частности, с наличием мёртвой зоны, приём сигнала в которой затруднён, что приводит к потере связи. Для борьбы с этим ограничением был предложен метод околовертикального падения ионосферной волны, или NVIS (Near Vertical Incident Skywave). В методе NVIS используются антенны с очень большими (> 75°) углами излучения и низкие частоты КВ диапазона, что позволяет преодолеть проблему мёртвой зоны. Несмотря на предпринимаемые исследователями усилия, достижение высокой эффективности излучения остаётся проблемой, часто из-за неверного выбора угла антенны. Кроме того, в предшествовавших исследованиях не уделялось должного внимания проблеме фокусировки узкого луча, имеющей критическое значение для дальней связи и пеленгации. Целью данной статьи является улучшение таких характеристик антенн, как эффективность и коэффициент усиления, путём использования специальной методики. Оптимизация конструкции и конфигурации антенн направлена на улучшение характеристик ионосферной связи, в частности, для военных применений, связанных с передачей данных и речи.

Antennas play a fundamental role in modern communication systems by facilitating signal transmission and reception across various frequency bands. Each antenna is designed for specific applications based on its operating frequency range. Whether deployed for Car-to-Car Communication or military operations, antennas serve critical functions, with information security being paramount in military contexts. Vehicular antennas typically operate within the L Band, approximately 1 to 2 GHz, relying on satellites for signal communication. However, traditional transmission through the ionosphere faces limitations, notably the skip zone, where signal reception is hindered, leading to communication failures. To address this limitation, Near Vertical Incident Skywave (NVIS) communication has been developed. NVIS utilizes antennas with very high (> 75°) radiation angles and low HF frequencies to overcome skip zone challenges. Despite existing research efforts, achieving high radiation efficiency remains a challenge, often due to improper antenna angle settings. Additionally, previous studies have overlooked the importance of narrow beam focusing, crucial for long-range communication and direction finding. This paper aims to enhance antenna performance parameters such as efficiency and gain through the adoption of specific techniques. By optimizing antenna design and configuration, we aim to improve performance for ionospheric communication, particularly in military applications involving data and voice transmission.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.