<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2022-13-4-263-275</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-788</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методы измерений, контроля, диагностики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methods of measurements, monitoring, diagnostics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности использования амплитудно-угловых характеристик поверхностных и подповерхностных волн для контроля материалов с поверхностно упрочнённым неоднородным слоем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of Using of Surface and Subsurface Waves’ Amplitude-Angle Characteristics for Control of Materials with Surface-Hardened Inhomogeneous Layer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баев</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baev</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки:Баев А.Р. –Ин-т прикладной физики Национальной академии наук Беларуси, ул. Академическая, 16, г. Минск 220072, Беларусьe-mail: baev@iaph.bas-net.by</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence:Baev A.R. –Institute of Applied Physics of the National Academyof Science of Belarus,Akademicheskaya str., 16, Minsk 220072, Belarus e-mail: baev@iaph.bas-net.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baev@iaph.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асадчая</surname><given-names>M. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asadchaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Академическая, 16, г. Минск 220072</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akademicheskaya str., 16, Minsk 220072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майоров</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayorov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Академическая, 16, г. Минск 220072</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akademicheskaya str., 16, Minsk 220072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Мира, 43, г. Могилёв 212000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mira Ave, 43, Mogilev 212000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деленковский</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Delenkovsky</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Академическая, 16, г. Минск 220072</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akademicheskaya str., 16, Minsk 220072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт прикладной физики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Applied Physics of the National Academy of Science of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусско-Российский университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian-Russian University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>263</fpage><lpage>275</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баев А.Р., Асадчая M.В., Майоров А.Л., Сергеева О.С., Деленковский Н.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баев А.Р., Асадчая M.В., Майоров А.Л., Сергеева О.С., Деленковский Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baev A.R., Asadchaya M.V., Mayorov A.L., Sergeeva O.S., Delenkovsky N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/788">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/788</self-uri><abstract><p>Повышение эффективности ультразвукового контроля упрочненных поверхностных слоев металлоизделий с неоднородной структурой, полученных по различным технологиям, является актуальной проблемой опытно-промышленного производства. Целью данной работы являлось исследование возможностей измерения глубины поверхностного неоднородного слоя стальных объектов на основе использования амплитудных и амплитудно-угловых характеристик поверхностных и подповерхностных поперечных волн.</p><p>Проведён анализ ультразвуковых методов контроля физико-механических свойств металлов с использованием поверхностных и подповерхностных волн и экспериментально исследованы амплитудно-угловые характеристики поверхностных волн, максимальный угол которых увеличивается на 3°</p><p>при изменении безразмерной глубины слоя hλ от нуля до 0,82. Впервые предложено использовать в качестве коррелирующих параметров с глубиной упрочнённого слоя отношение нормированных амплитуд поверхностных волн, взятых под определёнными углами на кривой амплитудно-угловой характеристики, полученной в эхо-режиме. В результате проведённых исследований была выявлена возможность</p><p>использования преобразователей с фазированной решёткой для решения вышеуказанных задач.</p><p>Исследовано влияние глубины упрочнённого слоя, изменяющейся от нуля до пяти в рабочем диапазоне частот 1,8–10 МГц, на особенности эффекта преломления (в том числе интерференции) и импенданса амплитуды подповерхностной волны на акустической базе, что позволило установить условия, обеспечивающие определение глубины упрочнённого слоя.</p><p>Предложены схемные решения для повышения эффективности контроля свойств поверхностных слоев металлических изделий на основе использования малоапертурных преобразователей и ультразвуковых отражателей, позволяющих формировать поля поверхностных волн различной направленности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Improving the efficiency of ultrasonic control of hardened surface layers of metal products with a heterogeneous structure obtained using different technologies is a pressing problem of industrial production. The purpose of this work was to investigate the possibilities of measuring the depth of the surface inhomogeneous layer of steel objects on the basis of the use of amplitude and amplitude-angle characteristics of surface and subsurface transverse waves.</p><p>The analysis of ultrasonic methods of control of physical and mechanical properties of metals by using surface and subsurface waves and experimentally investigated amplitude-angular characteristics of surface waves, the maximum angle of which increases by 3° at change of dimensionless layer depth hλ from zero to</p><p>0.82. For the first time, the ratio of normalized amplitudes of surface waves taken at certain angles on the</p><p>amplitude-angle characteristic curve obtained in the echo mode was proposed to be used as correlating parameters with the depth of the hardened layer. As a result of this research, the possibility of using a phased array transducers to solve the above problems.</p><p>The effect of the hardened layer depth varying from zero to five in the working frequency range of 1.8– 10 MHz on the peculiarities of the refraction effect (including interference) and dependence of the subsurface wave amplitude on the acoustic base has been studied, making it possible to establish conditions that provide for the determination of the hardened layer depth.</p><p>Circuit solutions have been offered in order to increase the efficiency of control of properties of the surface layers of metal articles on the basis of utilization of small-aperture transducers and ultrasonic reflectors making it possible to form fields of surface waves of different directional pattern. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поверхностные и подповерхностные волны</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковые отражатели</kwd><kwd>амплитудно-угловые характеристики</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковые отражатели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>surface and subsurface waves</kwd><kwd>ultrasonic reflectors</kwd><kwd>amplitude-angle characteristics</kwd><kwd>ultrasonic reflectors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaitsev V.I. Study of the hardening of the surface layer of parts. Vestnik of Irkutsk State University, 2015, pp. 1‒5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaitsev V.I. Study of the hardening of the surface layer of parts. Vestnik of Irkutsk State University, 2015, pp. 1‒5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Byzov A.V., Ksenofontov D.G., Kostin V.N., Vasilenko O.N. Selective magnetic testing of thickness and hardening degree of surface layers on steel objects. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2021, vol. 57, pp. 1096‒1102. DOI: 10.1134/S1061830921120020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Byzov A.V., Ksenofontov D.G., Kostin V.N., Vasilenko O.N. Selective magnetic testing of thickness and hardening degree of surface layers on steel objects. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2021, vol. 57, pp. 1096‒1102. DOI: 10.1134/S1061830921120020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bukin S.A. [Study of metal microdamaging of high-temperature steam pipelines made of Cr-Mo-V steels]. Vestnik YUUrGU. Seriya “Metallurgiya” [Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Metallurgy], 2015, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 24‒28 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bukin S.A. [Study of metal microdamaging of high-temperature steam pipelines made of Cr-Mo-V steels]. Vestnik YUUrGU. Seriya “Metallurgiya” [Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Metallurgy], 2015, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 24‒28 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emelyanov E.N., Larionov V. Method of determination of Young’s modulus of surface-hardened materials. In the world of non-destructive testing, 2015, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 57‒60. DOI: 10.12737/23511</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emelyanov E.N., Larionov V. Method of determination of Young’s modulus of surface-hardened materials. In the world of non-destructive testing, 2015, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 57‒60. DOI: 10.12737/23511</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ermolov I.N., Lange Yu.V. Ultrasonic testing. Nondestructive testing: Handbook: In 8 volumes. Ed.by professor V.V. Klyev, 2009, vol. 3. Moscow, Spektr Publ., pp. 180‒754.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermolov I.N., Lange Yu.V. Ultrasonic testing. Nondestructive testing: Handbook: In 8 volumes. Ed.by professor V.V. Klyev, 2009, vol. 3. Moscow, Spektr Publ., pp. 180‒754.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United States Patent No. 2007/0068257 Application Publication: Method of measuring the thickness of layers by surface waves. Farid Belahcene, Jeanyves Chatellie, Pierre Cortest, Pub. Date: Mar. 29, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United States Patent No. 2007/0068257 Application Publication: Method of measuring the thickness of layers by surface waves. Farid Belahcene, Jeanyves Chatellie, Pierre Cortest, Pub. Date: Mar. 29, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baev A.R., Mayorov A.L., Levkovich N.V., Asadchaya M.V. [Features of the Surface and Subsurface Waves Application for Ultrasonic Evaluation of Physico-mechanical Properties of Solids. Part 2. Strenghtned Inhomogeneous Surface Layer]. Devices and Methods of Measurements, 2019, vol. 10, no. 1, рр. 69– 79 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-1-69-79</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baev A.R., Mayorov A.L., Levkovich N.V., Asadchaya M.V. [Features of the Surface and Subsurface Waves Application for Ultrasonic Evaluation of Physico-mechanical Properties of Solids. Part 2. Strenghtned Inhomogeneous Surface Layer]. Devices and Methods of Measurements, 2019, vol. 10, no. 1, рр. 69– 79 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-1-69-79</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yonarvar F., Mehdizad R. Case Depth Profile Mesurement of Hardened Components Using Ultrasonic Backscatering Method. 18th World Conference in Nondestructive Testing, April 16‒20, Durban. South Africa, 2012, pp. 125‒132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yonarvar F., Mehdizad R. Case Depth Profile Mesurement of Hardened Components Using Ultrasonic Backscatering Method. 18th World Conference in Nondestructive Testing, April 16‒20, Durban. South Africa, 2012, pp. 125‒132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basatskaya L.V., Vopilkin A.C., Shishov A.P. Diffraction of ultrasonic waves in the surface-hardened layer of metals and method for measuring the depth of the hardened layer. Defectoscopy, 1988, pp. 54‒65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basatskaya L.V., Vopilkin A.C., Shishov A.P. Diffraction of ultrasonic waves in the surface-hardened layer of metals and method for measuring the depth of the hardened layer. Defectoscopy, 1988, pp. 54‒65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baev A.R., Mayorov A.L., Asadchaya M.V., Filippov K.A. Modeling of Synthesis and Destruction of Advanced Materials: Abstracts of the International Conference Minsk, IPPh of NASB, 2021, pp. 40‒43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baev A.R., Mayorov A.L., Asadchaya M.V., Filippov K.A. Modeling of Synthesis and Destruction of Advanced Materials: Abstracts of the International Conference Minsk, IPPh of NASB, 2021, pp. 40‒43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seung H.M., Kim Y.Y. Generation of omni-directional shear-horizontal waves in a ferromagnetic plate by a magnetostrictive patch transducer. NDT and E International, 2016, vol. 80, pp. 6‒14. DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2016.02.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seung H.M., Kim Y.Y. Generation of omni-directional shear-horizontal waves in a ferromagnetic plate by a magnetostrictive patch transducer. NDT and E International, 2016, vol. 80, pp. 6‒14. DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2016.02.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
