pimiПриборы и методы измеренийDevices and Methods of Measurements2220-95062414-0473BNTU10.21122/2220-9506-2022-13-2-105-111pimi-768Research ArticleСредства измеренийMeasuring instrumentsСистема устранения аварийных сбросов в сточные воды предприятий с использованием относительного описания спектров веществSystem Eliminating Emergency Discharges in Industrial Facilities Waste Waters Using Relative Signal DescriptionАлексеевВ. А.AlekseevV. A.

ул. Студенческая, 7, г. Ижевск 426069

Studencheskaya str., 7, Izhevsk 426069, Russia

ЮранС. И.YuranS. I.

Адрес для переписки: Юран С.И. - Ижевская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия,ул. Студенческая, 11, г. Ижевск 426069 e-mail: yuran-49@yandex.ru

Address for correspondence: Yuran S.I. - Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Studencheskaya str., 11, 426069, Izhevsk, Russia e-mail: yuran-49@yandex.ru

yuran-49@yandex.ruУсольцевВ. П.UsoltsevV. P.

ул. Студенческая, 7, г. Ижевск 426069

Studencheskaya str., 7, Izhevsk 426069, Russia

ШульминД. Н.ShulminD. N.

ул. Студенческая, 7, г. Ижевск 426069

Studencheskaya str., 7, Izhevsk 426069, Russia

Ижевский государственный технический университет имени М.Т. КалашниковаРоссияKalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical UniversityRussian FederationИжевская государственная сельскохозяйственная академияРоссияIzhevsk State Agricultural AcademyRussian Federation202206072022132105111Copyright © Алексеев В.А., Юран С.И., Усольцев В.П., Шульмин Д.Н., 20222022Алексеев В.А., Юран С.И., Усольцев В.П., Шульмин Д.Н.Alekseev V.A., Yuran S.I., Usoltsev V.P., Shulmin D.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/768

Серьёзной экологической проблемой являются залповые аварийные сбросы вредных веществ в сточные воды предприятий, которые, как правило, представляют сгустки определённой длительности. Образованные сгустки могут попасть в естественные водоёмы при сбросе сточных вод. Поэтому актуальна задача обнаружения указанных сгустков в реальном масштабе времени.

Для решения данной задачи предлагается вариант построения автоматизированной системы фиксации и идентификации аварийных сбросов вредных веществ в сточные воды промышленного предприятия при запроектных авариях. Отличие системы заключается в использовании лазерного зондирования сточных вод одновременно на нескольких длинах волн излучения в реальном масштабе времени.

Идентификация аварийных сбросов производится на основании анализа спектров пропускания веществ с использованием оригинального описания цифровых сигналов регистрируемых спектров веществ. Используется относительное описание на составляющих решетчатой функции спектра аварийных сбросов, построенное с использованием отношения порядка между составляющими решетчатой функции. Идентификация аварийного сброса осуществляется путём сравнения относительного описания спектра аварийного сброса с эталонами спектров возможных вредных веществ для данного предприятия, причём эталоны спектров этих веществ представлены в виде относительного описания с использованием отношения «больше»–«меньше».

Приведена структурная схема системы устранения аварийных сбросов, описана её работа и назначение отдельных элементов системы. Система содержит устройство идентификации аварийных сгустков, устройство обработки регистрируемых спектров и хранения эталонов спектров вредных веществ и устройство управления задвижками в системе сточных вод. За счёт установки источников лазерного излучения по периметру трубы, по которой движется жидкость, обеспечивается одновременное лазерное воздействие на проходящий по трубе аварийный сгусток вредных веществ. Анализ проходящего по сточной трубе сгустка позволяет проводить открытие задвижек для каждого из прогнозируемых аварийных сгустков при получении команды от устройства управления и отвести появившийся сгусток в соответствующий отстойник.

Peak emergency discharges of harmful substances to the industrial companies waste waters that normally form coagulates over time present a serious environmental problem. These coagulates can enter natural water bodies during the wastewater discharge. Thus, detecting these coagulates in real-time is a relevant problem.

To solve this problem, the authors suggest building an automated system that shall record and identify the emergency harmful substances discharges to the industrial companies waste waters caused by accidents. This system features a laser probing module which scans waste water at several wavelengths simultaneously and in real time.

Emergency discharge identification is performed based on the substance transmission spectra analysis using the original description of the recorded substance spectra digital signals. The relative description on the components of the lattice function of the spectrum of emergency discharges is used, constructed using the order ratio between the components of the lattice function.

The emergency discharge identification can be implemented by comparing the relative description of the emergency discharge spectrum with the reference spectra for the harmful substances that can be present at the given industrial facility, and the standards of the spectra of these substances are presented in the form of a relative description using the ratio “more”–“less”.

The authors provide a flow chart for the emergency discharge elimination system, describe its operation and the functions fulfilled by its elements. The system features an emergency coagulate identification device, a processing device for the spectrum recorded that can also store the reference spectra of harmful substances, and a valve-control device for the waste water system. Due to installation of laser radiation sources along the perimeter of the pipe along which the liquid moves, simultaneous laser action on the emergency clot of harmful substances passing through the pipe is ensured. The analysis of the clot passing through the sewer pipe allows opening the valves for each of the predicted emergency clots when receiving a command from the control device and diverting the clot that has appeared to the appropriate sump.

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.