<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2021-12-3-239-248</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-727</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методы измерений, контроля, диагностики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methods of measurements, monitoring, diagnostics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Расчёт положения эффективного центра энерговыделения сцинтилляционных детекторов для задач калибровки при малых расстояниях «источник–детектор»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Calculation of the Effective Energy Release Centerʼs Position of Inorganic Scintillation Detectors for Calibration at Small “Source–Detector” Distances</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукашевич</surname><given-names>Р. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukashevich</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки: Лукашевич Р.В. – УП «АТОМТЕХ», ул. Гикало, 5, г. Минск 220005, Беларусь e-mail: rimlianin@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence: Lukashevich R. – SPE "ATOMTEX", Gikalo str., 5, Minsk 220005, Belarus e-mail: rimlianin@gmail.com</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rimlianin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоков</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Гикало, 5, г. Минск 220005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gikalo str., 5, Minsk 220005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>«АТОМТЕХ» УП</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“ATOMTEX” SPE</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>239</fpage><lpage>248</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лукашевич Р.B., Фоков Г.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лукашевич Р.B., Фоков Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lukashevich R.V., Fokov G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/727">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/727</self-uri><abstract><p>Неорганические сцинтилляционные детекторы широко используются для измерения мощности дозы в окружающей среде благодаря их высокой чувствительности к фотонному излучению. Отличительной особенностью при использовании таких детекторов является необходимость учёта положения эффективного центра энерговыделения. Эта особенность актуальна при использовании средств измерений с неорганическими сцинтилляционными детекторами в качестве рабочих эталонов при калибровке на малых расстояниях «источник–детектор» в условиях низкофоновой камеры или установки с защитой от внешнего фона гамма-излучения в диапазоне мощностей доз от 0,03 до 0,3 мкЗв/ч (мкГр/ч). Целью данной работы являлся расчёт положения эффективного центра энерговыделения сцинтилляционных NaI(Tl) детекторов и его учёт при работе на малых расстояниях «источник‒детектор».</p><p>Предложен оригинальный метод определения положения эффективного центра энерговыделения при облучении боковых и торцевых поверхностей неорганического сцинтилляционного детектора параллельным потоком гамма-излучения и точечными источниками гамма-излучения на малых расстояниях «источник‒детектор» с использованием методов Монте-Карло. Представлены результаты расчёта положения эффективного центра энерговыделения детекторов на основе NaI(Tl) «популярных» размеров для случаев параллельного потока гамма-излучения и точечных источников гамма-излучения на малых расстояниях «источник‒детектор». Приведены функциональные зависимости положения эффективного центра энерговыделения детекторов на основе NaI(Tl) кристаллов от расстояния до точечных источников гамма-излучения и энергии источников гамма-излучения.</p><p>В результате исследования установлено, что для сцинтилляционных NaI(Tl) детекторов небольших размеров (например, Ø25×40 мм или Ø40×40 мм) точечный источник гамма-излучения, находящийся на расстоянии 1 м и более, создаёт поле излучения, не отличающееся по характеристикам от поля излучения, которое создаёт параллельный поток гамма-излучения. Показано, что приближение точечного источника гамма-излучения к поверхности сцинтилляционного детектора приводит к смещению положения эффективного центра энерговыделения к поверхности детектора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Inorganic scintillation detectors are widely used to measure of dose rate in the environment due to their high sensitivity to photon radiation. A distinctive feature when using such detectors is the need to take into account of the position of the effective energy release center. This peculiarity is actual when using measuring instruments with inorganic scintillation detectors as working standards during calibration at short “source–detector” distances in conditions of low-background shield or using a facility with protection from external gamma radiation background in the dose rate range from 0.03 to 0.3 μSv/h (μGy/h). The purpose of this work was to calculate the position of the effective energy release center of NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors and to take it into account when working at short “source–detector” distances.</p><p>An original method of determining the position of the effective energy release center when irradiating the side and end surfaces of inorganic scintillation detector with parallel gamma radiation flux and point gamma radiation sources at small “source–detector” distances using Monte Carlo methods is proposed. The results of calculations of the position of the effective energy release center of NaI(Tl) based detectors of “popular” sizes for the cases of parallel gamma radiation flux and point sources of gamma radiation at small “source–detector” distances are presented. The functional dependences of the position of the effective energy release center of NaI(Tl) based detectors on the distance to the point gamma radiation sources and the energy of gamma radiation sources are presented.</p><p>As a result of the study it was found that for scintillation NaI(Tl) detectors of medium size (for example, Ø25×40 mm or Ø40×40 mm) the point gamma radiation source located at a distance of 1 m or more, creates a radiation field which does not differ in characteristics from the radiation field created by a parallel flux of gamma radiation. It is shown that approaching the point gamma radiation source to the surface of scintillation detector leads to displacement of the position of the effective energy release center to the surface of the detector.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эффективный центр энерговыделения</kwd><kwd>неорганический сцинтилляционный детектор</kwd><kwd>околофоновое гамма-излучение</kwd><kwd>метод Монте-Карло</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>effective energy release center</kwd><kwd>inorganic scintillation detector</kwd><kwd>near background radiation</kwd><kwd>Monte Carlo method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEC 61017:2016. Radiation protection instrumentation – Transportable, mobile or installed equipment to measure photon radiation for environmental monitoring. – Introd. 10.02.16. Geneva: Intern. Electrotechnical Commiss, 2016, р. 86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IEC 61017:2016. Radiation protection instrumentation – Transportable, mobile or installed equipment to measure photon radiation for environmental monitoring. – Introd. 10.02.16. Geneva: Intern. Electrotechnical Commiss, 2016, р. 86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEC 60846–1:2009. Radiation protection instrumentation – Ambient and/or directional dose equivalent (rate) meters and/or monitors for beta, X and gamma radiation – Part 1: Portable workplace and environmental meters and monitors. – Introd. 16.04.09. Geneva: Intern. Electrotechnical Commiss, 2009, р. 116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IEC 60846–1:2009. Radiation protection instrumentation – Ambient and/or directional dose equivalent (rate) meters and/or monitors for beta, X and gamma radiation – Part 1: Portable workplace and environmental meters and monitors. – Introd. 16.04.09. Geneva: Intern. Electrotechnical Commiss, 2009, р. 116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEC 62533:2010. Radiation protection instrumentation – Highly sensitive hand–held instruments for photon detection of radioactive material. – Introd. 21.06.10. Geneva: Intern. Electrotechnical Commiss, 2010, р. 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IEC 62533:2010. Radiation protection instrumentation – Highly sensitive hand–held instruments for photon detection of radioactive material. – Introd. 21.06.10. Geneva: Intern. Electrotechnical Commiss, 2010, р. 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dombrowski H., Neumaier S. Traceability of the PTB low-dose rate photon calibration facility. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2010, no. 140, pp. 223–233. DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dombrowski H., Neumaier S. Traceability of the PTB low-dose rate photon calibration facility. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2010, no. 140, pp. 223–233. DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lukashevich R., Verhusha Y., Guzov V. Kozemyakin V. Application scintillation comparators for calibration low intense gamma radiation fields by dose rate in the range of 0.03–0.1 µSv/h. Springer Proceedings Phys., vol. 227, pp. 221–235. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21970-3_16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukashevich R., Verhusha Y., Guzov V. Kozemyakin V. Application scintillation comparators for calibration low intense gamma radiation fields by dose rate in the range of 0.03–0.1 µSv/h. Springer Proceedings Phys., vol. 227, pp. 221–235. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21970-3_16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lukashevich R. Calculation of effective center of gamma-radiation scintillation detector and its consideration at dosimetric control of radiation packages. Proceedings of the 11th International Scientific Conference “Sakharov Readings 2011: Ecological Problems of the XXI Century”, Minsk, 2011, рр. 201–204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukashevich R. Calculation of effective center of gamma-radiation scintillation detector and its consideration at dosimetric control of radiation packages. Proceedings of the 11th International Scientific Conference “Sakharov Readings 2011: Ecological Problems of the XXI Century”, Minsk, 2011, рр. 201–204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ISO 4037–3:2019. Radiological protection – X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy. – Part 3: Calibration of area and personal dosemeters and the measurement of their response as a function of energy and angle of incidence. – Introd. 30.01.19. International Organization for Standardization, 2019, p. 76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ISO 4037–3:2019. Radiological protection – X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy. – Part 3: Calibration of area and personal dosemeters and the measurement of their response as a function of energy and angle of incidence. – Introd. 30.01.19. International Organization for Standardization, 2019, p. 76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov V. Dosimetry of ionizing radiation. Moscow, Atomizdat Publ., 1964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov V. Dosimetry of ionizing radiation. Moscow, Atomizdat Publ., 1964.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mariuchi S. A new method of dose evaluation by spectrum dose conversion operator and determination of the operator", JAERI 1209, 1971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mariuchi S. A new method of dose evaluation by spectrum dose conversion operator and determination of the operator", JAERI 1209, 1971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fokov G., Kozhemyakin V. On the calibration of the Cherenkov detector of galactic and solar cosmic protons with energies from 600 MeV. ANRI Publ., 2021, no. 1 (104), pp. 53‒62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fokov G., Kozhemyakin V. On the calibration of the Cherenkov detector of galactic and solar cosmic protons with energies from 600 MeV. ANRI Publ., 2021, no. 1 (104), pp. 53‒62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
