pimiПриборы и методы измеренийDevices and Methods of Measurements2220-95062414-0473BNTU10.21122/2220-9506-2021-12-2-133-138pimi-712Research ArticleМетоды измерений, контроля, диагностикиMethods of measurements, monitoring, diagnosticsНелинейное времяимпульсное преобразование в радиоизотопных приборах: анализ и возможности примененияNonlinear Pulse-Time Conversion in Radioisotope Devices: Analysis and Application PossibilitiesВодовозовА. М.VodovozovA. M.

Адрес для переписки: Водовозов А.М. - Вологодский государственный университет, ул. Ленина, 15, г. Вологда 160000, Россия

e-mail: am.vodovozov@gmail.com

Адрес для переписки: Водовозов А.М. - Вологодский государственный университет, ул. Ленина, 15, г. Вологда 160000, Россия

e-mail: am.vodovozov@gmail.com

am.vodovozov@gmail.comВологодский государственный университетРоссияВологодский государственный университетRussian Federation202128062021122133138Copyright © Водовозов А.М., 20212021Водовозов А.М.Vodovozov A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/712

Рассмотрена работа радиоизотопных измерительных приборов в динамических условиях, когда пуассоновский поток импульсов на выходе детектора излучения становится нестационарным, а нелинейность градуировочной характеристики прибора, стохастичность радиационного сигнала и инерционность измерителя существенно усложняют задачу оценки измеряемого физического параметра. Целью работы являлась разработка алгоритмов нелинейного времяимпульсного преобразования пуассоновского процесса в структуре радиоизотопного прибора и анализ возможности его применения для линеаризации характеристики прибора, повышения быстродействия приборов и решения измерительной задачи в режиме реального времени.

Проанализирован процесс нелинейного преобразования радиационного сигнала в системе на основе предположения об экспоненциальном распределении интервалов между импульсами информационного потока на выходе детектора излучения. Разработан обобщённый алгоритм синтеза заданной функции преобразования времяимпульсного вычислительного устройства радиоизотопного прибора по её математическому описанию. Для описания функции преобразования, заданной множеством точек, предлагается использовать её аппроксимацию степенным рядом.

Предложенные расчётные формулы проверены моделированием в программе Scilab на конкретном примере линеаризации характеристики радиоизотопного высотомера с заданной таблично градуировочной характеристикой. Полученные результаты подтверждают целесообразность использования времяимпульсных вычислительных устройств для линеаризации характеристики преобразования радиоизотопных приборов в режиме реального времени.

Проведение вычислений по предложенным алгоритмам средствами современной микроэлектроники открывает новые возможности для расширения области применения радиоизотопных приборов в динамических задачах промышленной дефектоскопии, измерения параметров движения объектов, толщины проката и покрытий, в устройствах непрерывного контроля жидких сред.

The paper considers the operation of radioisotope measuring devices under dynamic conditions, when the Poisson pulse flux at the output of the radiation detector becomes unsteady and the nonlinearity of the calibration curve of the device, the stochasticity of the radiation signal and the inertia of the meter significantly complicate the task of estimating the measured physical parameter. of the device and analysis of the possibility of its application for linearization of the characteristics of the device, increasing the speed of the devices and solving the measuring problem in real time.

The process of nonlinear transformation of the radiation signal in the system is analyzed on the basis of the assumption about the exponential distribution of the intervals between the pulses of the information flow at the output of the radiation detector. A generalized algorithm for the synthesis of a given transformation function of a time-pulse computing device of a radioisotope device has been developed according to its mathematical description. To describe the transformation function given by a set of points, it is proposed to use its approximation by a power series.

The proposed calculation formulas are verified by modeling in the Scilab program on a specific example of linearization of the curve of a radioisotope altimeter with a given tabular calibration characteristic. The results obtained confirm the expediency of using time-pulse computing devices for linearizing the conversion curve of radioisotope devices in real time.

Carrying out calculations according to the proposed algorithms by means of modern microelectronics opens up new possibilities for expanding the field of application of radioisotope devices in dynamic problems of industrial flaw detection, measuring the parameters of object movement, thickness of rolled products and coatings, in devices for continuous monitoring of liquid media.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.