<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методы оценки качества объектов и процессов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methods of quality estimation of products and processes</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДЕГРАДАЦИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ФОТОПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВЫХ ТВЕРДЫХ РАСТВОРОВ Cu(In,Ga)Se2 ПРИ ЭЛЕКТРОННОМ ОБЛУЧЕНИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DEGRADATION OF SOLAR CELLS PARAMETERS FABRICATED ON THE BASIS OF Cu(In,Ga)Se2 SEMICONDUCTOR SOLID SOLUTIONS UNDER ELECTRON IRRADIATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудрый</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudryi</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mudryi@physics.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рефахати</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Refahati</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mudryi@physics.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Живулько</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhivulko</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mudryi@physics.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якушев</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakushev</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mudryi@physics.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартин</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>R. W.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mudryi@physics.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-практический центр НАН Беларуси по материаловедению, г. Минск</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific-Practical Material Research Centre of NAS of Belarus, Minsk</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Страсклайд, г. Глазго</institution><country>Великобритания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Unuiversity of Strathclyde, Glasgow</institution><country>United Kingdom</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мудрый А.В., Рефахати Н., Живулько В.Д., Якушев М.В., Мартин Р.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мудрый А.В., Рефахати Н., Живулько В.Д., Якушев М.В., Мартин Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mudryi A.V., Refahati N., Zhivulko V.D., Yakushev M.V., Martin R.W.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/71">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/71</self-uri><abstract><p>Методом испарения элементов Cu, In, Ga и Se из независимых источников на натрийсодержащих стеклянных подложках, покрытых слоем молибдена, выращены тонкие поликристаллические пленки Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS). Изучено влияние электронного облучения на электрические и оптические свойства тонких пленок CIGS и солнечных элементов со структурой ZnO:Al/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/стекло. Установлено, что деградация электрических параметров солнечных элементов (напряжения холостого хода, плотности тока короткого замыкания и коэффициента полезного действия) обусловлена образованием радиационных дефектов (рекомбинационных центров) с глубокими энергетическими уровнями в запрещенной зоне базовых слоев CIGS. Обнаружено, что после электронного облучения значительно уменьшается интенсивность близкраевой люминесценции в области 1,1 эВ и появляются полосы люминесценции с максимумами 0,93 и 0,75 эВ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were grown on molybdenum-coated soda-lime glass substrates by co-evaporation of the elements Cu, In, Ga and Se from independent sources. The effect of electron irradiation on the electrical and optical properties of CIGS thin films and solar cells with the structure ZnO:Al/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/glass was studied. It was found that the degradation of the electrical parameters of solar cells (open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and efficiency) took place due to the formation of radiation defects (recombination centers) with deep energy levels in the bandgap of CIGS. It was revealed that after electron irradiation intensity of near band-edge luminescence band at about 1,1 eV decreased considerably and bands of luminescence with maxima at 0,93 and 0,75 eV appeared.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тонкие пленки Cu(In</kwd><kwd>Ga)Se2</kwd><kwd>солнечные элементы</kwd><kwd>электронное облучение</kwd><kwd>люминесценция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cu(In</kwd><kwd>Ga)Se2 thin films</kwd><kwd>solar cells</kwd><kwd>electron-irradiation</kwd><kwd>luminescence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Contreras, M.A. Wide band gap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with improved energy conversion efficiency / M.A. Contreras [et al.] // Prog. Photovolt. Appl. Res. – 2012. – Vol. 20, Is. 7. – P. 843–850.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Contreras M.A., Mansfield L.M., Egaas B., Li J., Romero M., Noufi R., Rudiger-Voigt E., Mannstadt W. Wide band gap Cu(In,Ga)Se2  solar cells with improved energy conversion efficiency. Prog. Photovolt. Appl. Res., 2012, vol. 20, pp. 843–850.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson, P. New world record efficiency for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells beyond 20 % / P. Jackson [et al.] // Prog. Photovolt. Appl. Res. – 2011. – Vol. 19, Is. 7. – P. 894–897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson P., Hariskos D., Lotter E., Paetel S., Wuers R., Menner R., Wischmann W., Powalla M. New world record efficiency for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells beyond 20 %. Prog. Photovolt. Appl. Res., 2011, vol. 19, pp. 894–897.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Green, M.A. Solar cells efficiency tables (version 43) / M.A. Green [et. al.] // Prog. Photovolt. Appl. Res. – 2014. – Vol. 22, Is. 1. – P. 1–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Green M.A., Emery K., Hishikawa Y., Warta W., Dunlop E.D. Solar cells efficiency tables (version 43). Prog. Photovolt. Appl. Res., 2014, vol. 22, pp. 1–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jasenek, A. Defect generation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunction solar cells by high-energy electron and proton irradiation / A. Jasenek, U. Rau // J. Appl. Phys. – 2001. – Vol. 9, № 2. – P. 650–658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jasenek A., Rau U. Defect generation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunction solar cells by high-energy electron and proton irradiation. J. Appl. Phys., 2001, vol. 9, pp. 650–658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мудрый, А.В. Радиационные дефекты в тонких пленках Cu(In,Ga)Se2 при высокоэнергетическом электроном облучении / А.В. Мудрый [и др.] // Журнал прикладной спектроскопии. – 2005. – T. 72, № 6. – С. 805–808.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mudryi A.V., Gremenok V.F., Ivaniukovich A.V., Yakushev M.V., Feofanov Ya.V. [Radiation defects in thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2  films under high-energy electron irradiation]. Zhurnal prikladnoy spektroskopii, 2005, vol. 72, pp. 805–808 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morioka, G. First flight demonstration of filmlaminated InGaP/GaAs and CIGS thin film solar cells by JAXA’S small satellite in LEO / G. Morioka [et al.] // Prog. Photovolt. Appl. Res. – 2011. – Vol. 19, Is. 7. – P. 825–833.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morioka G., Shimazaki K., Kawakita S., Imaizumi M., Yamaguchi H., Takamoto T., Sato S., Ohshima T., Nakamura Y., Hirako K., Takahashi M. First flight demonstration of film-laminated InGaP/GaAs and CIGS thin film solar cells by JAXA’S small satellite in LEO. Prog. Photovolt. Appl. Res., 2011, vol. 19, pp. 825–833.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabor, A.M. High-efficiency CuInxGa1-xSe2 solar cells made from (Inx, Ga1-x)2Se3 precursor films / A.M. Gabor [et al.] // Appl. Phys. Lett. – 1994. – Vol. 65, Is. 2. – P. 198–200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabor A.M., Tuttle J.R., Albin D.S., Contreras M.A., Noufi R.  High-efficiency CuInxGa1-xSe2 solar cells made from (Inx, Ga1-x)2Se3 precursor films. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1994, vol. 65, pp. 198–200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shafarman, W.N. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Sollar Cells / W.N. Shafarman, L.Stolt // Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Enginering. Edited by A.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shafarman W.N., Stolt L. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Sollar Cells: in Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. Edited by A. Luque and S. Hegedus. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 2003, pp. 567–616.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luque and S. Hegedus. – John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. – 2003. – P. 567–616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mudryi A.V., Ivaniukovich A.V., Yakushev M.V., Feofanov Ya.V., Kulikauskas V.S., Chernysh V.S. [Defect generation in chalcopyrite semiconductor thin films Cu(In,Ga)Se2 by proton irradiation]. Poverkhnost’. Rentgenovskiye, sinkhrotronnyye i neytronnyye issledovaniye, 2006, no. 11, pp. 35–38 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мудрый, А.В. Дефектообразование в тонких пленках халькопиритных полупроводни-ков Cu(In,Ga)Se2 при облучении протонами / А.В. Мудрый [и др.] // Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования. – 2006. – № 11. – С. 35–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karotki A.V., Mudryi A.V., Yakushev M.V., Luckert F., Martin R.  [Structural and  optical properties of CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2  heterostructures irradiated by high-energy electrons]. Zhurnal prikladnoy spektroskopii, 2010, vol. 77, pp. 725 – 731 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Короткий, А.В. Структурные и оптические свойства гетероструктур CdS / Cu(In,Ga)Se2, облученных высокоэнергетическими электронами / А.В. Короткий [и др.] // Журнал прикладной спектроскопии. – 2010. – Т. 77, № 5. – С. 725–731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirose Y., Warasawa M., Takakura K., Kimura S., Chichibu S.F., Ohyama H., Sugiyama M. Optical and electrical properties of electron-irradiated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Thin Solid Film, 2011, vol. 519, pp. 7321–7323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirose, Y. Optical and electrical properties of electron-irradiated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells / Y. Hirose [et al.] // Thin Solid Film. – 2011. – Vol. 519. – P. 7321–7323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirose Y., Warasawa M., Tsunoda I., Takakura K., Sugiyama M. Effects of proton irradiation on optical and electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Japan. J. Appl. Phys., 2012, vol. 51, pp. 111802-1–111802-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirose, Y. Effects of proton irradiation on optical and electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells / Y. Hirose [et al.] // Japan. J. Appl. Phys. – 2012. – Vol. 51. – P. 111802-1–111802-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grzeta-Plenkovic B., Popovic S., Chuseka B., Santic B. Crystal data for AgGaxIn1-xSe2  and CuGaxIn1-xSe2. Appl. Cryst., 1980, vol. 13, pp. 311–315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grzeta-Plenkovic, B. Crystal data for AgGaxIn1-xSe2 and CuGaxIn1-xSe2/ B. Grzeta-Plenkovic [et al.] // Appl. Cryst. – 1980. – Vol. 13, Part 3. – P. 311–315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tinoco T., Rincon C., Quintero M., Sanchez Perez G. Phase Diagram and Optical Energy Gaps for CuInyGa1ySe2 Alloys. Phys. Stat. Sol.(a), 1991, vol. 124, pp. 427–434.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tinoco, T. Phase Diagram and Optical Energy Gaps for CuInyGa1-ySe2 Alloys / T. Tinoco [et al.] // Phys. Stat. Sol. (a). – 1991. – Vol. 124, Is. 2. – P. 427–434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedrich E.J., Fernandez-Ruiz R. Merino J.M., Leon M. X-ray Difraction Data and Rietveld refinement of CuGaxIn1-xSe2 (x = 0.15 and x = 0.50). Power Diffraction, 2010, vol. 25, pp. 253–257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedrich, E.J. X-ray Difraction Data and Rietveld refinement of CuGaxIn1-xSe2 (x = 0.15 and x= 0.50) / E.J. Friedrich [et al.] // Power Diffraction. – 2010. – Vol. 25, Is. 3. – P. 253–257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mudryi A.V., Gremenok V.F., Karotki A.V., Zalesski V.B., Yakushev M.V., Luckert F., Martin R. Structural and optical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 semiconductor compound thin films. Zhurnal prikladnoy spektroskopii, 2010, vol. 77, pp. 400–406 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мудрый, А.В. Структурные и оптические свойства тонких пленок полупроводниковых соединений Cu(In,Ga)Se2 c различным химическим составом / А.В. Мудрый [и др.] // Журнал прикладной спектроскопии. – 2010. – Т. 77, № 3. – С. 400–406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang S.B., Wei S.-H., Zunger A., Katayama-Yoshida H. Defect physics of the CuInSe2 chalcopyrite semiconductor. Phys. Rev. B, 1998, vol. 57, pp. 9642–9656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang, S.B. Defect physics of the CuInSe2 chalcopyrite semiconductor / S.B. Zhang [et al.] // Phys. Rev. B. – 1998. – Vol. 57, № 16 – P. 9642–9656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinert K., Jasenek A., Rau U. Consequence of 3-MeV electron irradiation on the photovoltaic output parameters of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Thin Solid Films, 2003, vol. 431–432, pp. 453–456.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinert, K. Consequence of 3-MeV electron irradiation on the photovoltaic output parameters of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells / K. Weinert [et. al.] // Thin Solid Films. – 2003. – Vol. 431–432. – P. 453–456.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinert, K. Consequence of 3-MeV electron irradiation on the photovoltaic output parameters of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells / K. Weinert [et. al.] // Thin Solid Films. – 2003. – Vol. 431–432. – P. 453–456.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
