<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2021-12-2-91-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-707</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Средства измерений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Measuring instruments</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эрбиевый лазер, излучающий в области 1.5 мкм, с высокой выходной мощностью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>High Power Diode-Pumped Erbium Laser Emitting at Near 1.5 μm</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбаченя</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbachenya</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки: Горбаченя К.Н. – Центр оптических материалов и технологий, Белорусский национальный технический университет, пр-т Независимости, 65, г. Минск 220013, Беларусь e-mail: gorby@bntu.by</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence: Gorbachenya K.N. – Center for Optical Materials and Technologies, Belarusian National Technical University, Nezavisimosty Ave., 65, Minsk 220013, Belarus</p><p>e-mail: gorby@bntu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorby@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кисель</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kisel</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр оптических материалов и технологий </p><p>пр-т Независимости, 65, г. Минск 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Center for Optical Materials and Technologies</p><p> Nezavisimosty Ave., 65, Minsk 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorby@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ясюкевич</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yasukevich</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр оптических материалов и технологий </p><p>пр-т Независимости, 65, г. Минск 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Center for Optical Materials and Technologies</p><p> Nezavisimosty Ave., 65, Minsk 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorby@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копорулина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koporulina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ленинские горы, 1, г. Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorby@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ленинские горы, 1, г. Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorby@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ленинские горы, 1, г. Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorby@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонюк</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonyuk</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ленинские горы, 1, г. Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorby@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулешов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuleshov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр оптических материалов и технологий </p><p>пр-т Независимости, 65, г. Минск 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Center for Optical Materials and Technologies</p><p> Nezavisimosty Ave., 65, Minsk 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorby@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбаченя К.Н., Кисель В.Э., Ясюкевич А.С., Копорулина Е.В., Волкова Е.А., Мальцев В.В., Леонюк Н.И., Кулешов Н.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбаченя К.Н., Кисель В.Э., Ясюкевич А.С., Копорулина Е.В., Волкова Е.А., Мальцев В.В., Леонюк Н.И., Кулешов Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbachenya K.N., Kisel V.E., Yasukevich A.S., Koporulina E.V., Volkova E.A., Maltsev V.V., Leonyuk N.I., Kuleshov N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/707">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/707</self-uri><abstract><p>Твердотельные лазеры, излучающие в спектральной области 1.5‒1.6 мкм, находят широкое применение в дальнометрии, офтальмотологии, волоконно-оптических системах и оптической локации. Целью данной работы являлось исследование спектроскопических и генерационных свойств активной среды на основе кристалла бората для указанных лазеров.</p><p>Проведено исследование спектроскопических и генерационных свойств кристаллов Er,Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 с различным содержанием ионов-активаторов. В результате определены спектры поперечных сечений поглощения и стимулированного испускания в поляризованном свете. Проведена оценка эффективности переноса энергии от ионов иттебия на ионы эрбия. Максимальная эффективность переноса энергии достигала 97 % для кристалла Er(4 at.%),Yb(11 at.%):YAl3(BO3)4.</p><p>Реализована   лазерная   генерация   для   кристаллов   с   высоким   содержанием   ионов   эрбия до 4 ат.% (2.2∙1020 cм‒3). При использовании кристалла Er(2 at.%),Yb(11 at.%):YAl3 (BO3)4 получен непрерывный режим генерации с максимальной выходной мощностью до 1,6 Вт на длине волны 1522 нм при дифференциальной эффективности 32 %. В квазинепрерывном режиме генерации для кристалла Er(4 at.%),Yb(11 at.%):YAl3(BO3)4 максимальная пиковая мощность достигала 2,2 Вт при дифференциальной эффективности по поглощённой мощности накачки 40 %. Профиль распределения интенсивности в поперечном сечении лазерного пучка хорошо аппроксимировался функцией Гаусса рассчитанное значение параметра распространения лазерного пучка М2 не превышало 1,2, что соответствует ТЕМ00 моде резонатора.</p><p>На основе полученных результатов, можно сделать вывод, что данные кристаллы являются перспективными активными средами, для лазеров, излучающих в спектральном диапазоне 1.5‒1.6 мкм, для применения в составе систем лазерной дальнометрии, лазерно-искровой эмиссионной спектрометрии и лидаров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Solid-state lasers emitting in the 1.5–1.6 μm spectral range are very promising for eye-safe laser range finding, ophthalmology, fiber-optic communication systems, and optical location. The aim of this work is the investigation of spectrosposcopic and laser properties of gain medium based on borate crystal for abovementioned lasers.</p><p>Spectroscopic and laser properties of Er,Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 crystals with different concentrations of dopants were investigated. Polarized absorption and emission cross-section spectra were determined. The ytterbium- erbium energy transfer efficiency was estimated. The maximal energy transfer efficiency up to 97 % was obtained for Er(4 at.%),Yb(11 at.%):YAl3(BO3)4 crystal.</p><p>The laser operation of heavily doped crystals with erbium concentration up to 4 аt.% (2.2^1020 cm^3) was realized. By using of Er(2 at.%),Yb(11 at.%):YAl3(BO3)4 crystal a maximal continuous- wave (CW) output power of 1.6 W was obtained at 1522 nm with slope efficiency of 32 %. By using of Er(4 at.%),Yb(11 at.%):YAl3(BO3)4 crystal a maximal peak output power up to 2.2 W with slope efficiency of 40 % was realized in quasi-continuous-wave regime of operation. The spatial profile of the output beam was close to TEM00 mode with M2 &lt; 1.2 during all laser experiments.</p><p>Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that Er,Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 crystals are promising active media for lasers emitting in the spectral range of 1.5-1.6 pm for the usage in laser rangefinder and laser- induced breakdown spectroscopy systems, and LIDARs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эрбий</kwd><kwd>иттербий</kwd><kwd>бораты</kwd><kwd>диодная накачка</kwd><kwd>непрерывная лазерная генерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>erbium</kwd><kwd>ytterbium</kwd><kwd>borate crystals</kwd><kwd>diode-pumped</kwd><kwd>continuous-wave laser operation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant (project No. 19-12-00235).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taccheo S., Sorbello G., Laporta P., Karlsson G., Laurell F. 230-mW diode-pumped single-frequency Er,Yb laser at 1.5 μm. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2001, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 19‒21. DOI: 10.1109/68.903207</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taccheo S., Sorbello G., Laporta P., Karlsson G., Laurell F. 230-mW diode-pumped single-frequency Er,Yb laser at 1.5 μm. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2001, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 19‒21. DOI: 10.1109/68.903207</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danger T., Huber G., Denker B.I., Galagan B.I., Sverchkov S.E. Diode-pumped cw laser around 1.54 μm Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, D. Scifres and A. Weiner, eds., (Optical Society of America, 1998), paper CTuM71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danger T., Huber G., Denker B.I., Galagan B.I., Sverchkov S.E. Diode-pumped cw laser around 1.54 μm Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, D. Scifres and A. Weiner, eds., (Optical Society of America, 1998), paper CTuM71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tolstik N.A., Huber G., Maltsev V.V., Leo- nyuk N.I., Kuleshov N.V. Excited state absorption, energy levels, and thermal conductivity of Er3+:YAB. Appl. Phys. B, 2008, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 567‒571. DOI: 10.1007/s00340-008-3101-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstik N.A., Huber G., Maltsev V.V., Leo- nyuk N.I., Kuleshov N.V. Excited state absorption, energy levels, and thermal conductivity of Er3+:YAB. Appl. Phys. B, 2008, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 567‒571. DOI: 10.1007/s00340-008-3101-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denker B., Galagan B., Ivleva L., Osiko V., Sve- rchkov S., Voronina I., Hellstrom J.E., Karlsson G., Laurell F. Luminescent and laser properties of Yb,Er activated GdCa4O(BO3)3 ‒ a new crystal for eyesafe 1.5 micrometer lasers. Appl. Phys. B., 2004, vol. 79, no. 5, pp. 577−581. DOI: 10.1007/s00340-004-1605-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denker B., Galagan B., Ivleva L., Osiko V., Sve- rchkov S., Voronina I., Hellstrom J.E., Karlsson G., Laurell F. Luminescent and laser properties of Yb,Er activated GdCa4O(BO3)3 ‒ a new crystal for eyesafe 1.5 micrometer lasers. Appl. Phys. B., 2004, vol. 79, no. 5, pp. 577−581. DOI: 10.1007/s00340-004-1605-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diening A., Heumann E., Huber G., Kuzmin O. High-power diode-pumped Yb, Er:LSB laser at 1.56 μm in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO). Vol. 6 of 1998 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of Amerika, 1998), pp. 299‒300, paper CWM5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diening A., Heumann E., Huber G., Kuzmin O. High-power diode-pumped Yb, Er:LSB laser at 1.56 μm in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO). Vol. 6 of 1998 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of Amerika, 1998), pp. 299‒300, paper CWM5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burns P., Dawes J., Dekker P., Pipper J., Jiang H., Wang J. Optimization of Er,Yb:YCOB for cw laser operation. IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, 2004, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1575‒1582. DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2004.834935</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burns P., Dawes J., Dekker P., Pipper J., Jiang H., Wang J. Optimization of Er,Yb:YCOB for cw laser operation. IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, 2004, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1575‒1582. DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2004.834935</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorbachenya K.N., Kisel V.E., Yasukevich A.S., Maltsev V.V., Leonyuk N.I., Kuleshov N.V. High effi- cient continuous-wave diode-pumped Er,Yb:GdAl3(BO3)4 laser. Opt. Lett, 2013. vol. 38, pp. 2446‒2448. DOI: 10.1364/OL.38.002446</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbachenya K.N., Kisel V.E., Yasukevich A.S., Maltsev V.V., Leonyuk N.I., Kuleshov N.V. High effi- cient continuous-wave diode-pumped Er,Yb:GdAl3(BO3)4 laser. Opt. Lett, 2013. vol. 38, pp. 2446‒2448. DOI: 10.1364/OL.38.002446</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Lin Y., Gong X., Luo Z., Huang Y. Spectroscopic properties and laser performance of Er3+using Yb, Er-doped silico-boro-phosphat glass in and Yb3+ co-doped GdAl3 (BO3)4 crystal. IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, 2007, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 950‒956. DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2007.904308</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Lin Y., Gong X., Luo Z., Huang Y. Spectroscopic properties and laser performance of Er3+using Yb, Er-doped silico-boro-phosphat glass in and Yb3+ co-doped GdAl3 (BO3)4 crystal. IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, 2007, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 950‒956. DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2007.904308</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Lin Y., Huang J., Gong X., Luo Z., Huang Y. Spectroscopic and laser properties of Er3+:Yb3+:LuAl3(BO3)4 crystal at 1.5-1.6 цт. Opt. Express, 2010, vol. 18, no. 13, pp. 13700-13707. DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.01370013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Lin Y., Huang J., Gong X., Luo Z., Huang Y. Spectroscopic and laser properties of Er3+:Yb3+:LuAl3(BO3)4 crystal at 1.5-1.6 цт. Opt. Express, 2010, vol. 18, no. 13, pp. 13700-13707. DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.01370013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tolstik N.A., Kurilchik S.V., Kisel V.E., Kuleshov N.V., Maltsev V.V., Pilipenko O.V., Koporu- lina E.V., Leonyuk N.I. Efficient 1 W continuous-wave diode-pumped Er,Yb:YAl(BO3)4 laser. Opt. Lett., 2007, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 3233-3235. DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.013700</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstik N.A., Kurilchik S.V., Kisel V.E., Kuleshov N.V., Maltsev V.V., Pilipenko O.V., Koporu- lina E.V., Leonyuk N.I. Efficient 1 W continuous-wave diode-pumped Er,Yb:YAl(BO3)4 laser. Opt. Lett., 2007, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 3233-3235. DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.013700</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tolstik N.A., Kurilchik S.V., Kisel V.E., Ku- leshov N.V., Maltsev V.V., Pilipenko O.V., Koporu- lina E.V., Leonyuk N.I. Efficient 1 W continuous-wave diode-pumped Er,Yb:YAl(BO3)4 laser. Opt. Lett., 2007, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 3233‒3235. DOI: 10.1364/OL.32.003233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstik N.A., Kurilchik S.V., Kisel V.E., Ku- leshov N.V., Maltsev V.V., Pilipenko O.V., Koporu- lina E.V., Leonyuk N.I. Efficient 1 W continuous-wave diode-pumped Er,Yb:YAl(BO3)4 laser. Opt. Lett., 2007, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 3233‒3235. DOI: 10.1364/OL.32.003233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y.J., Lin Y.F., Gong X.H., Luo Z.D., Huang Y.D. 1.1 W diode-pumped Er:Yb laser at 1520 nm. Opt. Lett., 2008, vol. 32, no. 18, pp. 2759‒2761. DOI: 10.1364/OL.32.002759</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y.J., Lin Y.F., Gong X.H., Luo Z.D., Huang Y.D. 1.1 W diode-pumped Er:Yb laser at 1520 nm. Opt. Lett., 2008, vol. 32, no. 18, pp. 2759‒2761. DOI: 10.1364/OL.32.002759</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y.J., Lin Y.F., Gong X.H., Tan Q.G., Luo Z.D., Huang Y.D. 2.0 W diode-pumped Er:Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 of (Er,Yb):YAl3(BO3)4 laser crystals. Crystallography Reports, 2008, vol. 53, pp. 336–338. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774508020260</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y.J., Lin Y.F., Gong X.H., Tan Q.G., Luo Z.D., Huang Y.D. 2.0 W diode-pumped Er:Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 of (Er,Yb):YAl3(BO3)4 laser crystals. Crystallography Reports, 2008, vol. 53, pp. 336–338. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774508020260</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tolstik N.A., Kisel V.E., Kuleshov N.V., Mal- tsev V.V., Leonyuk N.I. Er,Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 ‒ efficient 1.5 µm laser crystal. Appl. Phys. B, 2009, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 357‒362. DOI: 10.1007/s00340-009-3694-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstik N.A., Kisel V.E., Kuleshov N.V., Mal- tsev V.V., Leonyuk N.I. Er,Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 ‒ efficient 1.5 µm laser crystal. Appl. Phys. B, 2009, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 357‒362. DOI: 10.1007/s00340-009-3694-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loiko P.A., Mateos X., Kuleshov N.V., Pav- lyuk A.A., Yumashev K.V., Petrov V., Griebner U., Aguiló M., Díaz F. Thermal-lens-driven effects in -cut Yb-and Tm-doped monoclinic KLu(WO4)2 crystals. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2014, vol. 50, pp. 1‒8. DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2014.2332496</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loiko P.A., Mateos X., Kuleshov N.V., Pav- lyuk A.A., Yumashev K.V., Petrov V., Griebner U., Aguiló M., Díaz F. Thermal-lens-driven effects in -cut Yb-and Tm-doped monoclinic KLu(WO4)2 crystals. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2014, vol. 50, pp. 1‒8. DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2014.2332496</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
