pimiПриборы и методы измеренийDevices and Methods of Measurements2220-95062414-0473BNTU10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-3-171-178pimi-660Research ArticleСредства измеренийMeasuring instrumentsИзмерительная установка для исследования и визуализации явления перколяции в неупорядоченных моделях нанокомпозитов металл-диэлектрикMeasuring Setup for Investigation and Visualization of the Percolation Phenomenon in Non-Оrdered Models of Metal-Dielectric NanocompositesОкальП.OkalP.

Адрес для переписки: P. Okal – Lublin University of Technology,  Nadbystrzycka str., 38A, Lublin 20-618, Poland e-mail: p.okal@pollub.pl

p.okal@pollub.plЛюблинский технический университетПольшаLublin University of TechnologyPoland202022092020113171178Copyright © Окаль П., 20202020Окаль П.Okal P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/660

В статье для исследования явления перколяции и визуализации каналов перколяции использован высоковольтный частичный пробой. Частичный пробой очень похож на квантовое явление туннелирования, наблюдаемое в нанокомпозитах металл-диэлектрик. Как в первом, так и во втором случаях для протекания электрического тока не требуется контакт между частицами металлической фазы.

Разработана и изготовлена измерительная установка, предназначенная для измерений моделей нанокомпозитов металл-диэлектрик с использованием высоковольтного частичного пробоя. В состав установки входят: высоковольтный трансформатор с максимальным напряжением до 110 кВ, регулятор напряжения первичной обмотки высоковольтного трансформатора, обеспечивающий постоянную скорость увеличения напряжения, измерительный зонд, вольтметры и компьютер. Сигналы от зонда и вольтметра с целью ограничения помех, связанных с сильным электрическим полем, передаются с использованием оптоэлектронного кабеля.

Разработаны и изготовлены двумерные модели нанокомпозитов, в которых частицы металлической фазы в форме металлических дисков размещены случайным образом на поверхности диэлектрической матрицы. Число металлических дисков во время измерений увеличивалось по 40 штук в серии до максимальной величины 1520.

Определена зависимость от концентрации металлической фазы одного из существенных параметров высоковольтного частичного пробоя – пороговое напряжение, выше которого между электродами начинает течь ток. На основании этих измерений определён порог перколяции для матрицы со случайным распределением элементов металлической фазы.

С помощью фотоаппарата, входящего в состав установки, зарегистрированы фильмы и фотографии явления частичного пробоя между элементами металлической фазы моделей, на которых видны каналы перколяции.

The study uses the phenomenon of high voltage partial discharge to investigate the phenomenon of percolation and visualisation of the percolation channel. The phenomenon of partial discharges is very similar to the quantum tunneling phenomenon observed in metal-dielectric nanocomposites. In both cases the flow of alternating current occurs in the absence of direct contact between the metallic phase particles.

A measuring stand was developed and constructed to test models of metal dielectric nanocomposites using high voltage partial discharge. The stand consists of a 110 kV high voltage transformer, a voltage regulator protecting the constant rate of high voltage rise, a measuring system consisting of a measuring probe, voltmeters and a computer. The communication between the measuring probe and the voltmeter was made in digital technology with the use of fiber optic technology, which allowed the meter to communicate with the computer without any errors and eliminated the interference caused by a strong electromagnetic field resulting from the use of high voltage.

Systems modelling metal-dielectric composites were built, consisting of metallic elements in the form of disks, randomly distributed on the surface of the dielectric matrix. The number of disks was increased in series of 40 in each. The maximum number of disks was 1520. The dependence was determined of one of the important parameters characterising an partial discharge, i. e. the initial voltage, at which an electric current starts to flow between electrodes, on the concentration of the metallic phase. On the basis of these results, a percolation threshold was established for a matrix with a random distribution of metallic phase elements, the value of which is about 50 %. Films and pictures of partial discharges with visible percolation channels were taken with the camera with which the stand was equipped.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.