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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-2-140-147</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-651</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методы измерений, контроля, диагностики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methods of measurements, monitoring, diagnostics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Измерение скорости просачивания трансформаторного масла через электротехнический картон</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tests of Impregnation Speed of Electrotechnical Pressboard with Insulating Oil</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козак</surname><given-names>Ч.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozak</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки: C. Kozak – Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka str., 38A, Lublin 20-618, Poland    e-mail: c.kozak@pollub.pl</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">c.kozak@pollub.pl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Люблинский технологический университет</institution><country>Польша</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lublin University of Technology</institution><country>Poland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козак Ч., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козак Ч.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozak C.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/651">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/651</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлена новая установка для исследования скорости просачивания трансформаторного масла через электротехнический картон. Установка состоит из прозрачной трубы, к нижнему концу которой приклеена пластинка электротехнического картона. Затем в трубу вливается трансформаторное масло. Под пластинкой находится зеркало, направляющее её изображение в объектив фотоаппарата, который регистрирует серию изображений пластинки с заданным временным интервалом. Электротехнический картон, смоченный трансформаторным маслом, изменяет свой цвет со светло-жёлтого на тёмно-жёлтый. Время просачивания трансформаторного масла через электротехнический картон определяется по появлению на изображении поверхности картона тёмно-жёлтого пятнышка, свидетельствующего о просачивании трансформаторного масла через пластинку.</p><p>Разработан способ расчёта среднего диаметра капилляров, через которые трансформаторное масло просачивается через электротехнический картон в случае, когда их число является неизвестным, в связи с чем объём вытекающей через один капилляр жидкости невозможно измерить. Установлено, что в разных местах пластинки картона с толщиной 1 мм времена просачивания различаются. На основании проведённых измерений определено распределение времён просачивания, которые изменяются от 224 мин до 556 мин. Рассчитаны радиусы капилляров, через которые трансформаторное масло просачивается через электротехнический картон. Их величины изменяются от 47 нм до 75 нм. Структура картона представляет собой волокна целлюлозы, упакованные достаточно плотно. В связи с этим между волокнами существуют капилляры, каждый из которых состоит из участков с изменяющимися по длине радиусами. Таким образом, в картоне имеются короткие участки капилляров с радиусами как меньшими 47 нм, так и большими 75 нм.</p><p>Разработанные установка и способ расчёта размеров капилляров могут быть использованы для исследования протекания различных жидкостей через пористые материалы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents a new test stand for ivestigating the rate of penetration of transformer oil through electrotechnical pressboard. The stand consists of a pipe, to the lower end of which is glued a pressboard plate. The pipe is filled with insulating oil. A mirror is placed under the plate, which directs its image to the lens of the camera, which takes a series of photographs at a given time interval. After being saturated with the insulating oil, the pressboard changes colour from light to dark yellow. The absorbing time is defined as the time in which a dark yellow spot appears on the lower light surface of the pressboard after the pipe is filled with oil.</p><p>A new way of determining capillary diameters has been developed when the number of capillaries is unknown and the volume of liquid flowing through them is not measurable. The distribution of the times of penetration of transformer oil through 2 mm thick electrotechnical pressboard was determined, the values of which range from about 220 min to about 550 min. It was found that the radii of capillaries through which the insulating oil penetrates are within the range from about 45 nm to about 70 nm. Due to the structure of the pressboard, which consists of cellulose fibres, arranged more or less tightly, there are capillaries in the structure of the board, each of which has sections of varying lengths of radii. This means that short sections of a single capillary can have radii both smaller than 45 nm and larger than 70 nm.</p><p>The developed stand and the new analysis method can be used for testing various porous materials for penetration by various liquids.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электротехнический картон</kwd><kwd>трансформаторное масло</kwd><kwd>импрегнация</kwd><kwd>капиляры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electrotechnical pressboard</kwd><kwd>insulating oil</kwd><kwd>impregnation</kwd><kwd>capillary</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krause C. Power transformer insulation – history, technology and design. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., 2012, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1941–1947. DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2012.6396951</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krause C. 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