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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-2-114-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-648</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Средства измерений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Measuring instruments</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Система лазерного мониторинга загрязнений водной среды с применением относительного описания формы сигналов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>System of Laser Monitoring of Water Pollution with Application of Relative Description of Signal Shape</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Студенческая, 7, Ижевск 426069</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юран</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuran</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки: С.И. Юран – Ижевская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия, ул. Студенческая, 11, Ижевск 426069, Россия    e-mail: yuran-49@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">yuran-49@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усольцев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usoltsev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Студенческая, 7, Ижевск 426069</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульмин</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulmin</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Студенческая, 7, Ижевск 426069</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ижевский государственный технический университет имени М.Т. Калашникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ижевская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеев В.А., Юран С.И., Усольцев В.П., Шульмин Д.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеев В.А., Юран С.И., Усольцев В.П., Шульмин Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseev V.A., Yuran S.I., Usoltsev V.P., Shulmin D.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/648">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/648</self-uri><abstract><p>Как правило, система очистки сточных вод не рассчитана на фильтрацию веществ, образованных в результате запроектной аварии. Характер запроектной аварии связан с кратковременным появлением сгустка этих веществ в сточных водах, определяемый объёмом ёмкости хранения веществ. Поэтому рациональным подходом является отведение этой порции образовавшихся веществ в отдельную ветвь сточной системы или отстойники. Целью работы являлась реализация указанного подхода путем создания системы лазерного мониторинга загрязнений водной среды.</p><p>В статье предлагается система автоматического обнаружения сгустка аварийного сброса загрязняющих веществ в сточные воды промышленного предприятия. Приведена структурная схема системы и назначение основных её элементов. Система должна обеспечить обнаружение сгустков в реальном масштабе времени. Для обеспечения этой функции предварительно проводится исследование спектральных характеристик всех веществ, возможных к появлению в сточных водах в случае аварийной ситуации.</p><p>На основании этих данных выбираются длины волн лазерного излучения в системе. Полученные данные измерений от нескольких зондов представляются в виде решётчатой функции, которая переводится в относительное описание, представляющее матрицу отношения порядка на множестве составляющих решётчатой функции. Относительное описание инвариантно к линейным изменениям решётчатой функции. Решение об обнаружении какого-либо вещества из аварийных сбросов принимается на основании сравнения относительного описания измерений с эталонами, подготовленными на стадии настройки системы.</p><p>Приведён пример формирования эталонов для аварийных сгустков из глицерина и аллилового спирта. Приведены графики решётчатых функций, полученных из ИК-спектров аварийных сбросов этих веществ; алгоритмы построения решётчатой функции и сравнения решётчатых функций.</p><p>Таким образом, с помощью разработанного математического описания формы цифровых сигналов на основе относительного описания может быть описан сигнал кривой мониторинга в виде кривой изменения оптической плотности водной среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>As a rule, the wastewater treatment system is not designed to filter substances formed, as a result of beyond design basis accident. The nature of the beyond design basis accident is associated with the shortterm appearance of a clot of these substances in wastewater, determined by the volume of the substance storage tank. Therefore, a rational approach is to divert this portion of the formed substances into a separate branch of the sewage system or sedimentation tanks. The aim of the work is to implement this approach by creating a laser monitoring system for water pollution.</p><p>The article proposes a system for automatic detection of a clot of emergency discharge of pollutants into the wastewater of an industrial enterprise. The structural diagram of the system and the purpose of its main elements are given. The system should provide clot detection in real time. To ensure this function, a preliminary study is made of the spectral characteristics of all substances that may appear in wastewater in the event of an emergency.</p><p>Based on these data, the wavelengths of laser radiation in the system are selected. The obtained measurement data from several probes are presented in the form of a lattice function, which is translated into a relative description representing the order relationship matrix on the set of lattice function components. The relative description is invariant to linear changes in the lattice function. The decision to detect any substance from emergency discharges is made based on a comparison of the relative description of the measurements with the standards prepared at the stage of system setup.</p><p>The article provides an example of the formation of standards for emergency clots from glycerin and allyl alcohol. The graphs of the lattice functions obtained from the IR spectra of emergency discharges of these substances are given; algorithms for constructing a lattice function and comparison of lattice functions. Thus, using the developed mathematical description of the shape of digital signals based on the relative description, the signal of the monitoring curve can be described in the form of a curve of the optical density change of an aqueous medium.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аварийные сбросы</kwd><kwd>сгусток</kwd><kwd>спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>лазерный зонд</kwd><kwd>относительное описание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>discharges</kwd><kwd>clot</kwd><kwd>spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>laser probe</kwd><kwd>relative description</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drugov Yu.S., Rodin A.A. Ekologicheskie analizy pri razlivah nefti i nefteproduktov [Environ-mental analyses in oil and oil product spills]. Moscow, BINOM. Knowledge lab Publ., 2014, 270 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drugov Yu.S., Rodin A.A. 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