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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2017-8-4-305-313</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-340</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Средства измерений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Measuring instruments</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КОНСТРУКЦИЯ ДАТЧИКОВ ПОТОКОВ КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ ПЛАЗМЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИЛИНДРА ФАРАДЕЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE DESIGN OF THE SOLAR WIND ION FLUX SENSORS BASED ON THE FARADAY CUP</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухуров</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhurov</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence: Mukhurov N.I. – SSPA «Optics, Optoelectronics and Laser Technology», Nezavisimosty Ave., 68-1, Minsk 220072, Belarus    e-mail: n.mukhurov@dragon.bas-net.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.mukhurov@dragon.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасенкова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasenkova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрухович</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andruhovich</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки: Мухуров Н.И. – ГНПО «Оптика, оптоэлектроника и лазерная техника», пр-т Независимости, 68-1, г. Минск 220072,     e-mail: n.mukhurov@dragon.bas-net.by</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Застенкер</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zastenker</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородкова</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodkova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костенко</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostenko</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Б. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>B. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M. Gorky str., 33, Tarusa 249101, Kaluga region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНПО «Оптика, оптоэлектроника и лазерная техника»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific and Production Association «Optics, Optoelectronics and Laser Technology»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт космических исследований Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт космических исследований Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Special Design Bureau for Space Instruments Engineering of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СКБ космического приборостроения Института космических исследований Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Special Design Bureau for Space Instruments Engineering of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>305</fpage><lpage>313</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мухуров Н.И., Гасенкова И.В., Андрухович И.М., Застенкер Г.Н., Бородкова Н.Л., Костенко В.И., Каримов Б.Т., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мухуров Н.И., Гасенкова И.В., Андрухович И.М., Застенкер Г.Н., Бородкова Н.Л., Костенко В.И., Каримов Б.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mukhurov N.I., Gasenkova I.V., Andruhovich I.M., Zastenker G.M., Borodkova N.I., Kostenko V.I., Karimov B.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/340">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/340</self-uri><abstract><p>Важными задачами современных космических исследований являются изучение и непрерывные наблюдения процессов космической и метеорологической «погоды». Одним из электронных приборов для проведения таких исследований является датчик плазмы на основе цилиндра Фарадея. Цель работы состояла в разработке конструктивного варианта цилиндра Фарадея с прецизионными чувствительными (селектирующими) элементами в виде металлических сеточных микроструктур и четырехсекторным коллектором, не имеющего аналогов в мировой технике.</p><p>Для формирования сеточных никелевых микроструктур разработан процесс создания с помощью фотолитографии матрицы из нанопористого анодного оксида алюминия как прецизионной формы (шаблона) для осаждения наноструктурированных металлических слоев. Разработаны методы проведения тестовых испытаний на механические (вибрационные) и термоциклические воздействия, соответствующие требованиям к космическим приборам.</p><p>Сеточные микроструктуры сформированы в едином технологическом цикле с кольцами-держателями по периметру сетки, с квадратным 20 × 20 мкм2 сечением полотна и ячейками размером 1 × 1 мм2. Прозрачность каждой из сеток при нормальном падении света составила более 90 %. Габаритные размеры держателей и сеточных микроструктур: внутренние диаметры (34, 47, 60) ± 0,1 мм, внешние диаметры колец (42, 55, 68) ± 0,1 мм соответственно. Масса одной сетки составила менее 50 мг.</p><p>Результаты испытаний продемонстрировали работоспособность разработанных сеточных микроструктур при многократных термоциклических воздействиях от –50 до +150 °С и вибрационных и статических перегрузках, характерных при космических полетах. В составе приборов для проведения плазменных измерений в окрестности Земли и в межпланетном пространстве будут использованы шесть датчиков с различной угловой ориентацией. Это обеспечит возможность фиксирования ионов космической плазмы в телесном угле около 180°.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Important tasks of modern space research are the study and continuous observations of the processes of cosmic and meteorological «weather». One of the electronic devices for carrying out such researches is a plasma sensor based on Faraday cup. The purpose of the work was to develop a constructive variant of the Faraday cup with precision sensitive (selective) elements in the form of metal grid microstructures and a four-sector collector, which has no analogues in the world technology.</p><p>For the formation of grid nickel microstructures, a process has been developed for creating a matrix of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide by photolithography as a precision shape (template) for depositing nanostructured metal layers. Methods for conducting testing for mechanical (vibrational) and thermocyclic impact that satisfies the requirements for space instruments have been developed.</p><p>The grid microstructures are formed in a unified technological cycle with the production of ring-holders along the perimeter of the grid, with a square 20 × 20 μm2 section of the web and square cells with a size of 1 × 1 mm2. The transparency of each of the grids was more than 90 % for the normal incidence of light. Dimensions of holders and grid microstructures: internal diameters (34, 47, 60) ± 0.1 mm, external diameters of rings (42, 55, 68) ± 0.1 mm, respectively. The weight of one grid was less than 50 mg.</p><p>The test results demonstrated the operability of the developed grid microstructures with multiple thermocyclic actions from –50 to +150 °C and vibrational and static overloads specific for space flights. Instruments for plasma measurements in the near of the Earth and in the interplanetary space will comprise six sensors with different angular orientations. This will make it possible to detect ions of cosmic plasma in a solid angle of about 180°.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>датчик потоков космической плазмы</kwd><kwd>цилиндр Фарадея</kwd><kwd>прецизионные чувствительные (селектирующие) элементы</kwd><kwd>четырехсекторный коллектор</kwd><kwd>широкоугловой прибор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>solar wind ion flux sensor</kwd><kwd>Faraday cup</kwd><kwd>precisions sensitive (selective) elements</kwd><kwd>four-sector collector</kwd><kwd>wide-angle device</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальные космические исследования: в 2 кн. Кн. 2. Солнечная система / под науч. ред. д-ра техн. наук, проф. Г. Г. Райкунова. – М. : Физматлит, 2014. – 456 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fundamental’nye kosmicheskie issledovaniya [Fundamental cosmic research]. 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