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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2016-7-1-7-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-235</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Средства измерений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Measuring instruments</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЕЙ КОНТАКТНОЙ РАЗНОСТИ ПОТЕНЦИАЛОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DESIGN OF THE CONTACT POTENTIALS DIFFERENCE PROBES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеев</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pantsialeyeu</surname><given-names>K. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence: Pantsialeyeu K.U. Belarusian National Technical University, Nezavisimosty Ave., 65, 220013, Minsk, Belarus e-mail: nil_pt@bntu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nil_pt@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микитевич</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikitsevich</surname><given-names>U. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nil_pt@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарин</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharin</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nil_pt@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пантелеев К.В., Микитевич В.А., Жарин А.Л., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пантелеев К.В., Микитевич В.А., Жарин А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pantsialeyeu K.U., Mikitsevich U.A., Zharin A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/235">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/235</self-uri><abstract><p>Измерители контактной разности потенциалов отличаются большим многообразием и изготавливаются в основном в лабораторных условиях для конкретных экспериментальных задач. Как правило, они состоят из серийно выпускаемых измерительных приборов и поэтому обладают рядом недостатков, например большими габаритами, сложностью и высокой стоимостью, низкими чувствительностью, быстродействием, помехозащищенностью и др. Целью работы являлось описание базовых подходов к разработке и конструированию малогабаритных, полностью сформированных измерителей контактной разности потенциалов, обеспечивающих высокую чувствительность, быстродействие и помехозащищенность. Для возбуждения механических колебаний эталонного образца применен электромеханический модулятор, в котором для обеспечения высокой амплитудно-фазовая стабильности используется модернизированный генератор с мостом Вина, что обеспечивает захват и поддержание частоты механического резонансного колебания без традиционно используемого датчика колебаний. Предусилитель выполнен на базе операционных усилителей с фемтоамперными входными токами. Питание предусилителя выполнено с «плавающей землей», что позволяет сохранить соотношения потенциалов компонентов зонда постоянными при изменении напряжения компенсации в широком диапазоне. Фазовый детектор-интегратор выполнен на основе противофазно коммутируемых с частотой модуляции контактной разности потенциалов электронных ключей и интегратора. Двухполупериодное фазовое детектирование позволяет в значительной степени повысить чувствительность. Для уменьшения влияния электромагнитных наводок и шумов, устранения микрофонного эффекта предварительный усилитель вместе с эталонным образцом смонтирован на гибкой печатной плате, отдельно от других электронных узлов. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The contact potential difference probes distinguished by great variety and produced mostly in the laboratory for specific experimental applications. As a rule, they consist of commercially available instrumentation, and have a number of disadvantages: large dimensions, complexity and high cost, small sensitivity, operating speed, noiseproof, etc. The purpose of this paper is to describe the basic approaches to design of the small dimension, complete contact potential difference probes, providing high sensitivity, operating speed, and noise immunity. In this paper the contact potential difference probe, which is a electrometer with dynamic capacitor plate at about 0.1–5 mm2 . These probes are could be used in scanning systems, such as a Scanning Kelvin Probe, as well as for controlling system of manufacturing processes, e.g. under friction. The design of such contact potential difference probes conducted using modern electronic components, unique circuitry and design solutions described in detail at paper. The electromechanical modulator applied for mechanical vibrations of the reference sample. To provide a high amplitude and phase stability the upgraded generator with Wien bridge was used instead traditional oscillation sensor. The preamplifier made on the base of modern operational amplifiers with femtoampere current input. The power of the preamplifier designed with «floating ground». It allows keeping the relation constant potential to the probe components when changing over a wide range the compensation voltage. The phase detector-integrator based on the electronic antiphase switches with the modulation frequency of the contact potential difference and the integrator. Fullwave phase detection would greatly increase the sensitivity of the probe. In addition, the application of the phase detection allows suppressing noise and crosstalk at frequencies different from the modulation frequency. The preamplifier and the reference sample mounted on a flexible printed circuit board and the edge mechanically connected with a vibrator. Modulator, phase detector-integrator, and other electronic components placed on a separate board. This design contributes to reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference and noise as well as removing microphonic effects, etc. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>контактная разность потенциалов</kwd><kwd>зонд Кельвина</kwd><kwd>измеритель КРП</kwd><kwd>работа выхода электрона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>contact potential difference</kwd><kwd>CPD</kwd><kwd>Kelvin probe</kwd><kwd>CPD probe</kwd><kwd>electron work function</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neuhaus, K. Scanning probe microscopy polarization experiments with polycrystalline Ce0.8Gd0.2 − x Prx O2 − δ and Ce0.8Y0.2O2 − δ single crystals at room temperature / K. Neuhaus [et al.] // Solid State Ionics. – 2015. – 6 p. 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