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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-229</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методы измерений, контроля, диагностики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methods of measurements, monitoring, diagnostics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДИНАМИКА ФАКТОРОВ ПОЖАРА, ДЕТЕКТИРУЕМЫХ ИЗВЕЩАТЕЛЯМИ, В ЗАКРЫТОМ ПОМЕЩЕНИИ: МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DYNAMICS OF DETECTED FIRE FACTORS IN CLOSED COMPARTMENT: COMPUTER SIMULATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невдах</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevdakh</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки: Невдах В.В. Белорусский национальный технический университет, пр. Независимости, 65, 220013, г. Минск, Беларусь e-mail: psf@bntu.by</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Адрес для переписки: Невдах В.В. Белорусский национальный технический университет, пр. Независимости, 65, 220013, г. Минск, Беларусь e-mail: psf@bntu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">psf@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>239</fpage><lpage>248</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Невдах В.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Невдах В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nevdakh V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/229">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/229</self-uri><abstract><p>С помощью программы FDS выполнено компьютерное моделирование начальной стадии пожаров в закрытом помещении объемом ≈ 60 м3 с источником, расположенным на полу и на высоте 2 м. Моделировались пожары с различной скоростью роста по квадратичному закону. Быстроразвивающимся пожаром считался пожар, величина тепловыделения которого 1055 кВт достигалась за 100 с, медленноразвивающимся – за 500 с. Изучалась динамика тепловыделения и пространственных распределений температуры, затемнения и изменения давления воздуха – факторов пожара, детектируемых извещателями. Установлено, что зависимость тепловыделения от времени, начиная с момента возникновения пожара и до его затухания, состоит из двух этапов. На первом этапе, который происходит с нарастанием тепловыделения с заданной скоростью, пламенное горение происходит только в области источника. На втором этапе, который характеризуется нерегулярными пульсациями тепловыделения, пламенное горение происходит в разных местах слоя дыма из-за его самовоспламенения. Длительность второго этапа увеличивается при уменьшении скорости роста пожара и увеличении высоты расположения источника. Получено, что все пространство помещения может быть разделено по высоте на слои, характеризующиеся своими значениями температуры и затемнения воздуха, их градиентами и наличием в них областей самовоспламенения. Толщины этих слоев, градиенты температуры и затемнения в слоях зависят от скорости роста пожара и высоты расположения его источника. Также получено, что пространственные распределения температуры и давления воздуха имеют противоположные градиенты по высоте, величины которых зависят от скорости роста и высоты расположения источника пожара. Максимальное по величине изменение давления воздуха и максимальный обратный градиент по высоте этого изменения происходит при быстром пожаре с источником на полу.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Computer simulation of the initial fire stages in closed compartment with the volume of ≈ 60 m3 and with a burner on a floor and 2 m above floor have been carried using FDS software. Fires with different t 2 –power low heat release rates have been modeled. Fires which growth times to reach 1055 kW were 100 s and 500 s have been considered as fast and slow fires respectively. Dynamics of heat release rates and detected fire factors such as spatial distributions of air temperature, smoke obscuration and variations of indoor pressure have been studied. It has been obtained that dynamics of heat release rates of the initial fire stages in closed compartment consists of two stages. During the first stage the heat release rate is proportional to mass burning rate and flaming occurs only above a burner. At the second stage dynamics of heat release rates has a form of irregular in amplitude and duration pulsations, which are caused by self-ignition in the smoke layer. The compartment air volume may be layered with respect to the height and every layer has its oven temperature, smoke obscuration, self-ignition areas have been shown. The layer thickness, gradients of temperature and obscuration depend on a fire growth rate and on a burner height above floor have been concluded. The spatial distributions of air temperature and pressure variation have the opposite gradients on a height have been obtained. Maximal pressure variation and its gradient occurs under the fast fire with a burner on a floor have been obtained too. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моделирование пожара</kwd><kwd>пожарные извещатели</kwd><kwd>динамика тепловыделения</kwd><kwd>температура воздуха</kwd><kwd>затемнение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fire simulation</kwd><kwd>fire detector</kwd><kwd>heat release rate dynamics</kwd><kwd>air temperature</kwd><kwd>smoke obscuration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drysdale, D. An introduction for fire dynamics / D. 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