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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pimi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Приборы и методы измерений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Devices and Methods of Measurements</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-9506</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2220-9506-2025-16-4-379-385</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pimi-1005</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методы измерений, контроля, диагностики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methods of measurements, monitoring, diagnostics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прецизионное детектирование пространственно-разнесённых объектов на аэрокосмических снимках для решения обратных задач</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Detection of Spatially Distributed Fine-Grained Objects in Aerospace Images for Inverse Problem Solving</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саечников</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saetchnikov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки:пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030,Беларусь e-mail: saetchnikovivan@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence:Nesavisimosty Avе., 4, Minsk 220030,Belaruse-mail: saetchnikovivan@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saetchnikovivan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скакун</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skakun</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nesavisimosty Avе., 4, Minsk 220030</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернявская</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tcherniavskaia</surname><given-names>E. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>пр-т Независимости, 4,г. Минск 220030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nesavisimosty Avе., 4, Minsk 220030</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>379</fpage><lpage>385</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саечников И.В., Скакун В.В., Чернявская Э.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саечников И.В., Скакун В.В., Чернявская Э.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saetchnikov I.V., Skakun V.V., Tcherniavskaia E.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/1005">https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/1005</self-uri><abstract><p>Обработка данных дистанционного зондирования, основанная на методах глубокого обучения, находит широкое применение в различных междисциплинарных задачах. Современные подходы преимущественно сосредоточены на разработке методов глубокого обучения, предназначенных для обнаружения объектов в густонаселённых городских условиях, которые плохо подходят для обнаружения пространственно-разнесённых объектов, особенно мелкозернистых. Характерным примером является обнаружение морских судов на открытой водной поверхности. К проблемам в этой области относятся неоднородный шумовой фон, вызванный меняющимися условиями освещения, внешние артефакты, размытие, вызванное волнами, вид сверху, дающий некачественные карты характеристик объектов, и необходимость сканирования больших территорий для поиска объектов. Для решения этих проблем в данной статье предложен новый гибридный подход к глубокому обучению для обнаружения пространственно-разнесённых объектов. Предлагаемый метод включает в себя ансамбль классификаторов на основе DenseNet_l и ResNet_l в сочетании с детектором YOLOv11+ и полуконтролируемой стратегией обучения. Кроме того, для прецизионного детектирования мелкозернистых объектов предлагается улучшенная версия модели YOLOv11+fg с адаптированными модулями C3K2, UpSample и SPFF. Метод детектирования был разработан, предварительно обучен и валидирован с использованием набора спутниковых изображений Airbus SPOT, а затем дополнительно дообучен на базе датасета ShipRSImageNet для задачи обнаружения мелкозернистых объектов. Результаты демонстрируют эффективность крупномасштабного сканирования в дистанционном зондировании и распознавания пространственно-разнесённых объектов, а также превосходят по точности показатели обнаружения мелкозернистых объектов оригинальной моделью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Remote sensing data processing based on deep learning methods has been widely used in several cross-domain tasks. Current approaches predominantly focus on developing deep learning methods dedicated to object detection in densely populated urban environments, which are not well suited for sparsely distributed objects, especially fine-grained ones. A representative example is maritime vessel detection on open water surfaces. The challenges in this domain include heterogeneous noise backgrounds caused by varying lighting conditions, external artifacts, wave-induced blurs, top-view perspectives that yield poor feature maps of the objects, and the need to scan large areas for object searching. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel hybrid deep learning approach for sparse distributed fine-grained object detection. The proposed method includes an ensemble of classifiers based on DenseNet_l and ResNet_l, combined with a YOLOv11+ detector and a semi-supervised learning strategy. Furthermore, for fine-grained object detection, an improved version of the YOLOv11+fg model is proposed, featuring adapted C3K2, UpSample, and SPFF modules. The approach was developed, pretrained, and validated using the Airbus SPOT Satellite Imagery dataset, and further trained with a subset of ShipRSImageNet for fine-grained detection. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of large-scale scanning in remote sensing and recognize sparsely distributed objects, outperforming the fine-grained detection score compared to the original model.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гибридное глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>детектирование объекта</kwd><kwd>ансамблевый метод</kwd><kwd>полуконтролируемое обучение</kwd><kwd>обратная задача</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hybrid deep learning</kwd><kwd>object detection</kwd><kwd>ensemble</kwd><kwd>semi-supervised</kwd><kwd>inverse problem</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Lh. [et al.]. Research on object detection and recognition in remote sensing images based on YOLOv11. Nature: Scientific Reports. 2025;(15):14032. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-96314-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He Lh. [et al.]. 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