pimiПриборы и методы измеренийDevices and Methods of Measurements2220-95062414-0473BNTU10.21122/2220-9506-2025-16-4-315-332pimi-1000Research ArticleСредства измеренийMeasuring instrumentsНаземная станция приёма и измерения орбитальных параметров нано- и пикоспутниковStation for Receiving and Measuring of Nanoand Picosatellites’ Orbital Parameters with Time ReferenceЕвчикВ. Е.EvchikV. E.

Адрес для переписки:Евчик В.Е.Белорусский государственный университет,пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030, e-mail: sevchik@bsu.by

Address for correspondence:Belarusian State University,Nezavisimosti Ave., 4, Minsk 220030,Belarus e-mail: sevchik@bsu.by

sevchik@bsu.byСпиридоновА. А.SpiridonovA. A.

пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030

Nezavisimosti Ave., 4, Minsk 220030

БарановаВ. С.BaranovaV. S.

пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030

Nezavisimosti Ave., 4, Minsk 220030

СаечниковВ. А.SaetchnikovV. A.

пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030

Nezavisimosti Ave., 4, Minsk 220030

УшаковД. В.UshakovD. V.

пр-т Независимости, 4, г. Минск 220030

Nezavisimosti Ave., 4, Minsk 220030

Белорусский государственный университетБеларусьBelarusian State UniversityBelarus202524122025164315332Copyright © Евчик В.Е., Спиридонов А.А., Баранова В.С., Саечников В.А., Ушаков Д.В., 20252025Евчик В.Е., Спиридонов А.А., Баранова В.С., Саечников В.А., Ушаков Д.В.Evchik V.E., Spiridonov A.A., Baranova V.S., Saetchnikov V.A., Ushakov D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/1000

Для раннего обнаружения новых рабочих наноспутников и CubeSat’ов необходимо организовать сеть станций для приёма сигнала и обработки его параметров для предварительного анализа орбиты. Целью работы являлась разработка наземной станции приёма телеметрии нано- и пикоспутников, позволяющая проводить измерения и экспресс анализ орбитальных параметров с использованием точных временных меток. На основе разработанных функциональных блок-схем для аппаратной и программной части станции приёма телеметрии создан прототип станции. Прототип станции позволяет проводить измерения времени приёма и длительности пакета, доплеровского сдвига частоты, временной задержки, экспресс-анализ орбитальных параметров с последующим использованием накопленного массива данных для измерения точных орбитальных параметров нано- и пикоспутников. Получена временная привязка с помощью модуля GNSS, позволяющая выставлять временные метки с точностью не хуже 3 мкс, что достаточно для определения наклонной дальности сверхмалого космического аппарата с точностью не хуже 450 м. Показан метод для определения параметров орбиты сверхмалого космического аппарата с помощью измерения доплеровских сдвигов частоты с привязкой к точному времени GNSS приёмника. Разработанная наземная станция приёма и измерения орбитальных параметров наноспутников расположена в г. Минск, позволяет принимать сигналы со спутников, высота орбиты которых не превышает 1000 км, с наклонением орбиты не менее 40°, в радиолюбительском диапазоне частот 430–440 МГц. Проведены тестовые радиотехнические измерения и отработана методика проведения временной синхронизации для повышения точности определения орбиты нано- и пикоспутников.

For early detection of new operational nanosatellites and CubeSats, it is necessary to organize a network of stations for receiving signals and processing their parameters for preliminary orbit analysis. Aim of the work was to develop a ground station for receiving telemetry from nanoand picosatellites allowing measurements and rapid analysis of orbital parameters using precise timestamps. This station allows for measurements and express analysis of orbital parameters using precise time stamps. A prototype station was created based on the developed functional block diagrams for hardware and software of the telemetry receiving station. The prototype station allows for measurements of the reception time and packet duration, Doppler frequency shift, time delay, and express analysis of orbital parameters. The accumulated data were used to measure precise orbital parameters of nanoand picosatellites. A temporary binding was obtained using the GNSS module, allowing for setting of time stamps with an accuracy of no worse than 3 μs, which was sufficient for determining the inclination of a small spacecraft with an accuracy of no worse than 450 m. A method was shown for determining the orbital parameters of a small spacecraft by measuring Doppler frequency shifts tied to precise time of the GNSS receiver. The developed ground station for receiving and measuring the nanosatellites’s orbital parameters is located in Minsk and allows for receiving signals from satellites with an orbital altitude not exceeding 1000 km, with an orbital inclination of at least 40°, in the amateur radio frequency range of 430–440 MHz. Test radio engineering was conducted. Measurements and a method for conducting time synchronization were developed to improve the accuracy of determining the orbits of nanoand picosatellites.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.